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Name: _________________________ 670 Section:_____ Date:____/____/____ Notes: Position, Displacement, Speed, and Velocity Position: being able to describe an object’s location is important when things start to move object’s can have positive or negative positions o ____________ position if it is to the right of or above an object has a the origin (zero point) ____________ o an object has a position if it is to the left of or below the origin (zero point) if an object’s position is changing, the object is in motion Distance & Displacement Definitions: o Distance: measurement of the actual path traveled o Displacement: the straight-line distance between 2 points with direction A mouse ran in a curved path from his mouse hole to the cheese. Path A = 4 meters N Path B = 2 meters W E S o o o o o ____________ Which path shows the distance the mouse traveled? ____________ What is the mouse’s displacement? ____________ What distance does the mouse travel? ____________ Which path shows the mouse’s displacement? After running 4 meters from his hole to the cheese, the mouse returned to his hole (using the same path). What total distance did the mouse run? ____________ What is the mouse’s total displacement? Standard(s): 1.1, 1.2 TA: _____________ ____________ Independence Level: __________% Assistance, coaching, prompting: __________________________________________________ Vectors and Scalars: You may have noticed that direction sometimes matters. o What are two quantities we have learned about so far where direction matters? ____________ ____________ Vector: If direction matters, we say that the quantity is a vector. Scalar: If direction doesn’t matter, we say that the quantity is a scalar. Fill in examples of vectors and scalars in the following chart: Direction Matters Measurable Quantities Direction Doesn’t Matter Scalar Vector Examples: Examples: Speed: If you change positions, it takes time to get to your new position If you care about both the distance traveled and the time it takes, you are concerned with speed. o Speed: distance traveled per unit of time Speed tells us how ____________ an object is moving The units of speed are ____________ /____________ o the unit is often written with symbols instead: __ /__ The definition equation for speed is Speed = Distance Time How do you know what speed you are moving at when you are in a car? Instantaneous Speed: the speed at any instant (in time) o What tool can you use to determine the instantaneous speed of a moving car? _____________________ Constant Speed: if the speed of the moving object does not change, we say that it is traveling at a constant speed If you drive from Newton to Providence, RI, would you travel at a constant speed? Explain. Average Speed: total distance traveled divided by the time it takes to travel that distance The definition equation for speed is average speed = total distance time Sample Problem: o If you traveled 100 m in 50 seconds, what was your average speed? s=? d = 100 m t = 50 s s = d t s = 100 m 2 50 s m s The average speed is 2 m/s o If you had average speed of 2 m/s, did you have to travel at 2 m/s for the entire 50 seconds? Explain. Velocity: speed and direction o Sometimes, we care about both how fast you are traveling and what direction you are traveling. o An example of velocity would be 25 m/s West the speed is 25 m/s the direction is West both of these are needed to describe velocity What two tools can be used to determine the velocity of a car? 1. _____________________ 2. _____________________ Changing Velocity: to change velocity, you could: 1. speed up 2. slow down 3. change direction What three tools can be used to change the velocity of a car? 1. _____________________ 2. _____________________ 3. _____________________ Write “speed” and “velocity” in the correct column(s) in the vector/scalar table below: vectors scalars displacement force distance time ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ Variables, units, and symbols: Quantity Symbol s d t v Quantity Term speed distance time velocity Unit meters/second meter second meters/second Unit Symbol m/s m s m/s