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Introduction to Energy Study Guide (also use your notes!!!!) 1. What is energy? The ability to do work 2. What is kinetic energy? The energy of motion (movement) 3. Can objects with kinetic energy do work? Give an example. Yes, when a bowling ball hits the bowling pins. The ball does work on the pins. 4. What two things does kinetic energy depend on (in other words, what two things do you need to know to calculate kinetic energy?) The object’s mass and its velocity (speed). Velocity is the more important one of the two. 5. If two bicycles have the same mass, but one is traveling at 10 m/s and the other is traveling at 15 m/s, which has more kinetic energy? The faster one 6. If two people are running at the same speed, but one has a mass of 60 kg and the other has a mass of 75 kg, which has more kinetic energy? The more massive one 7. What is the formula for kinetic energy? Kinetic energy = mv2 2 8. How much kinetic energy does a 55 kg object have that is traveling 20m/s? 11,000 Joules 9. What is potential energy? Potential energy is stored energy 10. What does it mean when we say potential energy depends on the height of the object? Give an example and illustrate it. Gravitational potential energy is the energy something has because of its height above the earth. A can of beans, dropping from 200 feet, will hit with more force, because it had more energy than a can of beans dropping from 6 inches. 11. What does it mean when we say potential energy depends on the shape of an object? Give an example. If you do work on an object so that the shape changes, you can give it potential energy. For instance, when you pull back the string of a bow, you do work on it to change its shape. The energy you used is transferred to the bow, stored there, and then used to give energy to the arrow. 12. What is gravitational potential energy? Is the stored energy an object has due to raising the object above the ground. The higher the object’s height, the more gravitational potential energy it has. 13. What is the formula for gravitational potential energy? GPE = weight x height 14. How much gravitational potential energy would an object that weighs 60 N have if it were raised 10 m off the ground? 600 Joules 15. At which point does this pendulum have the most KE? At which point does the pendulum have the most PE? Point #1 At point 4, what is happening to the KE and PE? At point 4, the PE is increasing, while the KE is decreasing 16. Draw a pendulum, and show how the potential energy and kinetic energy change as it swings. 1. Highest potential energy when you first let it go. 3. At the other side, the potential energy is high again, and the kinetic is low. +KE - PE -KE +PE 2. When the pendulum hits the middle, its KE is at its highest. 17. What is an energy conversion? A change from one form of energy to another. 18. Show how we would use symbols to describe the energy conversions that take place in the following machines: mechanical alarm clock electrical light sound thermal battery chemical light bulb electrical electrical thermal light thermal mechanical thermal blender electrical kinetic sound 19. What is the law of conservation of energy? Says that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It just gets converted from one form to another or it can be transferred from place to place. 20. Whenever an energy conversion takes place, one form of energy is always created. What form is that? Thermal energy is produced with every conversion. 21. Where does the thermal energy from energy conversions go? Most of it goes into the air. 22. Is it possible to have a machine that keeps moving forever without any source of energy? Why or why not? No, because, remember, energy cannot be created. Therefore, every machine in the world has to have some source of energy. 23. What is nuclear energy? The energy released by a nuclear reaction. It is also the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. 24. What are the 2 ways that nuclear energy can be released? Fission & Fusion 25. What is fission? The splitting of an atom’s nucleus into two smaller nuclei. 26. What is fusion? The action or process of combining 2 atomic nuclei to produce a nucleus of greater mass. 27. In nuclear reactions, a small (minute) amount of matter produces a large amount of what? Energy 28. Name a few positive effects (advantages) of using nuclear energy? No air pollution Doesn’t contribute to global warming Produces more energy per gram of fuel 29. Name a few negative effects of using nuclear energy? A threat of nuclear accident or spill Radioactive waste