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THE CIVIL WAR The Civil War was fought between a divided United States. The South fought to defend its territory and maintain its separation. The North wanted to bring the Southern states back into the Union and end slavery. The border states, Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware, allowed slavery but remained in the Union. People of these states were divided over which side to support. The destruction of the Civil War caused economic setbacks throughout the country, especially in the South. Because of these economic problems, counterfeiting, or making fake currency and trying to spend it, became a problem. The Secret Service, part of the United States Department of the Treasury, was created in 1865 to fight counterfeiting. The Secret Service did not begin protecting the presidents until 1901, after President William McKinley was assassinated. Important Civil War Battles The first battle of the war was the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861. The Union and Confederate armies met at Manassas Junction near a small river called Bull Run. The Union was defeated. In 1862 the Union narrowly defeated the Confederacy at the Battle of Shiloh. A few weeks later, the Union naval forces captured New Orleans, the South’s largest city. The Second Battle of Bull Run ended in a Confederate victory. Lee’s army was now only 20 miles from Washington, D.C. In 1862 the armies fought in the single bloodiest day of the war at the Battle of Antietam. After the Union victory at Antietam, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that freed enslaved African Americans held in Confederate states. The effect of the Proclamation was to encourage enslaved African Americans to flee from their slaveholders. The turning points of the war were the Battle of Gettysburg and the Battle of Vicksburg, which were fought at the same time. The Confederates were defeated in both battles. With the surrender at Vicksburg, the Union now controlled the Mississippi River. Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana were cut off from the rest of the South. In 1864 and 1865, Sherman and Grant led Union troops to victories in Atlanta, Savannah, and Richmond. Grant pushed south and Sherman pushed north in order to surround Lee’s army between their two armies. On April 8, 1865, General Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, Virginia. The war ended. Search for Clues DIRECTIONS: Write the answer to each clue on the line. Then use the clues to answer the question at the bottom of the page. Information to help you answer each clue can be found in Chapter 16 of your textbook. Clue 1: The name of the Confederate capital was . Write the second letter of the missing word in blank 1 in the box at the bottom of the page. Clue 2: The states allowed slavery but were still loyal to the Union. Write the third letter of the missing word in blank 2 in the box at the bottom of the page. Clue 3: The term refers to the name given to Southern soldiers. m. blockade runners n. Yankees o. Rebels p. greenbacks In blank 3 at the bottom of the page, write the letter of the correct answer to this multiple-choice question. Clue 4: “To set up a strong position” is the definition of which of these terms? blockade entrenched border state bounties Write the second letter of the correct term in blank 4 at the bottom of the page. Clue 5: George McClellan headed the Union army of the East called the Army of the _________ . Write the last letter of the missing word in blank 5 in the box at the bottom of the page. Clue 6: David Farragut captured New ______________ . Write the third letter of the missing word in blank 6 in the box at the bottom of the page. Clue 7: Before the Battle of _________________ , Union soldiers found Lee’s plans for his army wrapped around three cigars. Write the first letter of the missing word in blank 7 in the box at the bottom of the page. Clue 8: The _________________required men between the ages of 18 and 35 to serve in the Confederate army. Write the first letter of the missing word in blank 8 in the box at the bottom of the page. Clue 9: The Gettysburg _______helped Americans focus on why the Civil War was being fought. q. battle r. Cemetery s. Address t. Debate In blank 9, write the letter of the correct answer to this multiple-choice question. QUESTION: What were ships such as the Monitor and the Merrimack called? Your answer should be the same as the letters derived from Clues 1-9 ___ 1 ___ 2 ___ 3 ___ 4 ___ 5 ___ 6 ___ 7 ___ 8 ___ 9 Causes and Effects of the Civil War (1861-1865) CAUSES IMMEDIATE EFFECTS Conflict over slavery in territories Economic differences between North and South Failure of Congress to compromise Election of Lincoln as President Secession of Southern states Firing on Fort Sumter Abolition of slavery Devastation of the South LONG-TERM EFFECTS Growth of industry Government more powerful Nation Reunited COMPARING THE NORTH AND SOUTH DURING THE WAR NORTH SOUTH Most whites are enraged; blacks are elated Northern Victories in Battle Many people are enthusiastic; Democrats are angered Mild inflation; new possibilities for women Union confidence rises; Lincoln wins second term Union Wins Civil War Industrial expansion Emancipation Proclamation War’s Impact Severe inflation; new possibilities for women Confederate morale sinks; bid for European recognition is lost Slaves freed; widespread economic devestation