Download [اكتب نصاً] Anti-D Prince Mohammed Bin Fahd University Giving

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Anti-D
Prince Mohammed Bin Fahd University
Giving Anti-D injections
Duaa Abd Alrsool Alhamzah
March2, 2013
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Anti-D
INDEX
Introduction.
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Definition.
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What happens? + When you will be given Anti-D.
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How is Anti-d given? + Possible side effects.
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Conclusion
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References
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Anti-D
Introduction:
As you know there are four main blood types which are (A, B, AB and O).
And these blood groups included RH factor. 85% of us have this factor and
Rh positive. In the other hand, 15% need the factor and are Rh negative. One
of the Rh factors called Rh – D is especially important. This research will give
you information about Rh-D and the need for some mothers to have Rh-D
which in general called ( Anti-D) injections to safeguard their babies.
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Definition:
Anti-D or immunoglobulin is an ingredient of donated blood from people who
have developed antibodies against 'positive blood'. The use of 'anti-D' has
greatly reduced the happening of Rhesus hemolytic disease for babies by
reducing the chances of a woman forming antibodies from about 10%to 20%
to about 0.2 to 1.5%.
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Anti-D
Giving Anti-D injections
Rh-negative women can't safeguard her baby. Did you know why? If a mother
who has developed the antibodies has another Rh positive baby, her
antibodies will cross the placenta and may damage the baby’s red blood cells.
However, untreated babies may be anaemic have a risk of brain damage or
even die before birth.Dr.Tom/ said "The use of anti-d is to “fool” your body’s
immune system into thinking that it already has immunity to rhesus positive
blood. Therefore, if it comes into contact with rhesus positive blood it
automatically thinks it has the antibody and doesn’t make any more.The antid injection “fades” away over the next 3 months, leaving your body without
any anti-d antibodies"( http://www.thanksdoctor.co.uk) (Surgery and Anti,
2009).
The mainly reasons for giving Anti-D injections. When you take pregnancy
test and you may have some of symptoms or cases such as have any
vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy, have an abortion or terminate your
pregnancy, and have a medical procedure such as an amniocentesis In some
cases a blood sample may be taken prior to receiving ANTI-D. "The Rh factor
is protein present on the surface red blood cells.Rh disease is a state in
which woman with Rh-negative blood group is exposed to Rh-positive leading
to the formation of called Rh antibodies"Dr.Shirish Kumar said
(http://doctor.ndtv.com). Dr,Chrissie Hammonds said "When you gave birth to
your last baby your midwife will have taken a sample of blood from your
baby's umbilical cord to check if your baby was rhesus-positive (RhD-positive)
or rhesus-negative (RhD-negative). If your baby was RhD-positive you will
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Anti-D
have been recommended to have the anti-D injection. The anti-D injection is
only necessary for RhD-negative mothers with RhD-positive babies as there is
a slight risk that their blood might mix and cause the mother to form
antibodies. The antibodies can cause complications for subsequent Rh-D
positive babies.( http://www.babycenter.com.au) (Anti-d, 2009).
There are many ways to talk the Anti. Anti-D is given as an injection, usually
into a muscle in your leg or arm. For some people with bleeding problems,
the injection may need to be given under the skin. You might feel pain or stiff
where the injection was given. This will Disappears in few hours.Sometims
you will get high temperature and this is rare , also you will recover quickly.
Everyone's reaction to a medicine is different. It is difficult to predict which
side-effects you will have from taking a particular medicine. The important
thing is to tell your doctors if you are having problems with your medicine.
The result of these side-effects is unknown. For instance, chills, faster heart
rate, fever, headaches, vomiting, skin problems,nausea,lowered blood
pressure and injection site problems such as pain or tendemess.
Furthermore, Anti-d will not affect your baby.
Finally , 40 years ago Scientists invent this Anti-d injection. The objective of
this invention to avoid pregnancy woman who has Rh- negative blood.
Conclusion
Anti-D is made from blood plasma (the fluid part of the blood). The blood was
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Anti-D
donated to the Australian Red Cross Blood Service by volunteer donors.
To make sure infectious diseases cannot be transmitted by Anti-D injections,
every blood donation used to make Anti-D is tested for blood diseases like
hepatitis and HIV.To ensure the safety of the blood, the Red Cross also has
very strict controls on blood donors. No product made from human blood
plasma can be guaranteed 100 per cent free of infectious diseases. However,
Anti-D has been used in Australia for more than30 years, and no an Anti-D
injection and so far no statistics prove that it's not safe to the patient but as
precaution always talk to the doctor to check your situation that it may be
against the Anti-D injection use. The Anti-D injection used in Australia is
manufactured by CSL Limited. Rebecca (patient member of mumz world site)
said "There ae times in all pregnancies where blood from the mother and the
baby may mix. This occasionally happens for no reson or it might be caused
by small pacental bleed (occurring after 12 weeks of pregnancy). If both other
and baby have the same rhesus status, i.e. they are both RhD-positive or both
RhD-negative, this causes no problem. However if an RhD-negative mother
is carrying a RhD-positive baby, your immune system may react to the baby's
blood as if it were a "foreign invader" and produce antibodies against it
(http://www.netmums.com) (Anti-d, 2009).
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REFERECE:
Australia pregrency team doctors:
http://www.birth.com.au/Blood-groups-and-impact-on-pregnancy/Giving-AntiD-injections
National health and medical research council:
http://www.nhmrc.gov.au
NGH Organization:
.http://www.nhs.uk/medicine-guides
Essentials of Obstetrics and gynecology book (Fifth Edition )
( http://www.thanksdoctor.co.uk).
))http://doctor.ndtv.com
( http://www.babycenter.com.au).
(http://www.netmums.com).
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