Download File - Edward H. White Biology

Biology Spring Break Packet
Edward H. White High School
2013-2014 Academic Year
Benchmarks
Key Points
Independent Practice
Unit 1 – Biochemistry
Benchmark: SC.912.P.8.7 Interpret formula representations of molecules and compounds in terms of composition and structure.
Key Points, Examples, and Diagrams:
 All matter is made up of atoms. Atoms are microscopic particles that join together to create everything.
 There are different types of atoms. Each different type is called an element. Element is one type of atom.
 A molecule is made up of more than one atom. A compound is made up of more than one element. All compounds are molecules.
 Formulas are used to represent molecules and compounds in writing (for example: CO2 represents carbon dioxide)
 Symbols are used to represent/abbreviate individual elements. For example, N=nitrogen, O=oxygen, C=carbon, H=hydrogen, Au=gold
 Subscripts are used to tell us how many atoms of a particular element there are. For example, in CO 2 it tells us there are 2 oxygen atoms.
H2O = two hydrogen. If there is no subscript it means there is just 1 atom.
 When atoms join together it is called bonding.
o Covalent bonding is when atoms share electrons. Strong bonds.
o Ionic bonding is when electrons are gained or lost. Weaker bonds.
 A reaction is a process that leads from one set of substances to a new set (think about photosynthesis; what do we start with and what do
we end with? This is an example of a reaction).
 Atoms are not lost or gained in a reaction. This is called conservation of energy/matter.
 The substances that you start with are called the reactants. The substances you end up with are called the products.
 The arrow represents the direction of the reaction.
 The diagram to the right represents a molecule/compound. To write the formula you would count up
the number of each element and write them down with the correct subscript. For the example below it
would look like: C2H3O2 (there are 2 carbon, 3 hydrogen, and 2 oxygen)
Independent Practice
Directions: Complete all practice questions by using your background knowledge, notes from class, the biology textbook, and
the key points in the box above.
You must answer all questions to get credit for this assignment. Use the notes above and/or the textbook to help you find the answer.
1.
In a reaction equation you start with the ____________________________ and end up with the _______________________________.
2.
What happens to the number of atoms during a reaction? ________________________________________________________________
3.
What is a reaction? ______________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
What does an arrow represent in a reaction equation? ___________________________________________________________________
Use the following reaction to answer questions 7 through 11: SO 3 + H2O  H2SO4
5.
What is/are the reactant(s)? _______________________________________________________________________________________
6.
What is/are the product(s)? ________________________________________________________________________________________
7.
Does the number of oxygen atoms change in the reaction? How many are on each side? _______________________________________
8.
Does the number of compounds change in the reaction? How many are on each side? _________________________________________
9.
Label each element in the equation and state how many atoms of each element there are. ______________________________________
Classify the following as elements or compounds.
10. N _____________________________________
11. H _____________________________________
12. H2O ___________________________________
13. C6H12O6
________________________________________________
Use the following reaction for questions 16 and 18.
CH4 + 2 O2
CO2 + 2 H2O
14. Which term best defines CH4 from the reaction above?
a. Atom
b. Element
c. Compound
d. Isotope
15. In SO3 how many Oxygen atoms are there?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
16. In the reaction above what does the arrow represent?
a. Direction of the reaction from reactants to products.
b. The speed of the reaction
c. The type of reaction
d. Direction of the reaction from products to reactants.
SC.912.L.18.12 Discuss the properties of water that contribute to Earth’s suitability as an environment for life: cohesive behavior, ability to
moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent.
Key Points, Examples, and Diagrams:
 Water is polar, meaning not parallel. This results in different charges on different ends, illustrated by the following diagram


The positive hydrogen of one water molecule and negative oxygen of another attract resulting in hydrogen bonds between water molecules
Water is essential for all life on earth because of 5 key properties
o 1. Cohesion occurs due to hydrogen bonds between water molecules and allows water to stick together
o 2. Adhesion allows water to stick to other substances and move against gravity.
o 3. Water has high heat absorption allowing bodies of water help keep a moderate temperature o land
o 4. Solubility allows for water to dissolve substances such as sugar and salt
o 5. Water causes different pH’s and the resulting acidic or basic environments
Independent Practice
1.
Directions: Complete all practice questions by using your background knowledge, notes from class, the biology textbook,
and the key points in the box above.
In the following chart, fill in the missing property, definition, or example.
Property
Definition
Example
Cohesion
Water sticks to other substances
pH
Long Island stays moderate all year round
because it is surrounded by water
Ocean water contains a lot of salt that fish rely
on.
4. Which of the following properties of water is essential to life processes?
A. Water strengthens bonds between molecules.
B. Water dissolves many substances.
C. Water has a relatively high freezing point.
D. Water as a liquid is less dense than water as a solid.
5. What property of water allows water spiders to walk across the surface of a pond?
A. pH
B. Adhesion
C. Cohesion
D. It is non-polar.
6. Water is able to move up the stem of a plant because:
A. Cohesion of water molecules with themselves
C. Adhesion of water molecules with themselves
B. Cohesion of water molecules to other surfaces
D. Adhesion of water molecules to other surfaces
7. Fish living at the bottom of ponds do not die in the winter because:
A. Water in solid phase is denser than in liquid phase.
B. Water in solid phase is less dense than in liquid phase
C. Water is non-polar
D. Water has adhesive properties
8. The reason why Kool-Aid dissolves in water is because water
A. has a high Specific heat
B. has a high density
C. has a high surface tension
D. is a Universal Solvent
9. Circle the diagram that best characterizes the structure of a water molecule.
SC.912.L.18.1 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four categories of biological macromolecules.
SC.912.L.18.3 Describe the structures of fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. Explain the functions of lipids in living
organisms. Identify some reactions that fatty acids undergo.
SC.912.L.18.4 Describe the structures of proteins and amino acids. Explain the functions of proteins in living organisms. Identify some
reactions that amino acids undergo. Relate the structure and function of enzymes.
Key Points, Examples, and Diagrams:
 A polymer is like a chain and a monomer is one link in that chain.
 All living things contain carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and use them for daily functions
 Lipids are used for insulation, cell membrane structure and long term storage of energy
o Lipids are the polymer unit and composed of the monomers of glycerol and fatty acids.



Carbohydrates are used as a source of energy for all living things
o The monomer unit of a carbohydrate is a monosaccharide. Glucuse is one such monosaccharide.
o Carbohydrate polymers are disaccharides (2 sugars) or polysaccharides (3 or more sugars). Starch is an example of a
polysaccharide.
Proteins function by facilitating growth and repair, serve as enzymes, and are used for transport.
o Proteins are the polymer unit and amino acids are the monomer unit.
Nucleic acids function as the carrier for genetic information for all organisms.
o Nucleotides are the monomers which make us nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA
Independent Practice
1.
Directions: Complete all practice questions by using your background knowledge, notes from
class, the biology textbook, and the key points in the box above.
Use the example of a link of chains, illustrate the difference between a monomer and a polymer.
2.
Underneath each picture, write as many of the following concepts/words that apply to that diagram. You may use words more than once.
Protein, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, DNA, RNA, amino acid, nucleotide, monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide, glycerol,
fatty acid, energy storage, immediate energy, genetic information, enzymes, growth and repair, transport, monomer, polymer
3.
Proteins are used by the body mainly for _________.
a. Energy
b. storage
c. respiration and movement
d. growth and repair
4.
Monosaccharide is to carbohydrates as ____________________ is to protein.
a. Amino acid
b. Fatty acid
c. Nucleotide
d. Glucose
5.
Before running a race, an athlete will consume more of a certain type of macromolecule as an energy source. One example of a food that
contains this type of macromolecule is pasta. Which type of macromolecule are athletes most likely to consume as an energy source
before running a race?
a. Proteins
b. Lipids
c. Carbohydrates
d. Nucleic acids
6.
Which type of organic compound is generally not soluble in water and is an important part of cellular membranes?
a. Lipids
b. Proteins
c. Nucleic acids
d. Carbohydrates
7.
What is the correct name of the macromolecule in the diagram to the bottom-right and what is it’s correct function?
a. Nucleic acid / Storage of energy
b. Protein / Formation of enzymes
c. Nucleic acid / Contains genetic information
d. Lipid / Water soluble membranes
SC.912.L.18.11 Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. Identify factors such as
pH and temperature, and their effect on enzyme activity.
Key Points, Examples, and Diagrams:
 A chemical reaction is when one set of substances is converted into a new set of substances. This process requires energy, however no
matter is gained or lost. For instance, if you start with six carbon atoms, you will end with six carbon atoms.
 In a chemical reaction the substances you start with are known as the reactants. The substances you end with are known as the products.
o For example: CO2 + H2O + sunlight  C6H12O6 + O2 (carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight are the reactants. Glucose and oxygen
are the products)
 Activation energy is the amount of energy that is needed to START a reaction.
 A catalyst is something that speeds up a chemical reaction (makes the reaction happen more quickly).
 Enzymes are proteins and act as a catalyst (so enzymes speed up a reaction).
o Enzymes are not used up or changed in the process!!!! This
means enzymes are reusable!!!
 What are enzymes used for?
o Enzymes break down the food we eat (your saliva contains
enzymes, your stomach contains digestive enzymes)
o Help us breathe
o Help us fight disease
 Enzymes are specific for what they catalyze. THIS MEANS that an enzyme
used to speed up digestion CANNOT be used in a different reaction. It’s
only made for that one type of reaction.
 Enzymes end in the suffix –ASE (for example: sucrase, lactase, maltase)
 Enzymes work by weakening the bonds between atoms which lowers the
activation energy (remember, that activation energy is the energy needed
to start a reaction). SEE DIAGRAM TO THE UPPER RIGHT.



Enzyme-Substrate Complex (see diagram to right)
o The substance that an enzyme acts on is the substrate.
o The active site is where the enzyme binds with the substrate.
o Notice how the enzyme does not change during the reaction.
The enzyme converts the substrate into two new substances.
But the enzyme can be used again and again.
Enzyme Inhibitors
o An inhibitor is something that prevents an enzyme from working
properly. For example, if you break your arm it would inhibit you
from playing basketball. If an enzyme is inhibited, it cannot speed
up reactions.
o There are two types of enzyme inhibitors:
 Competitive Inhibitors – are chemicals that resemble an enzyme’s normal substrate and compete for the active site
(this means that the ACTUAL substrate won’t be able to bind with the enzyme). See the diagram right for a visual.
 Non-Competitive Inhibitors – chemicals that do not bind to the active site BUT instead change the shape of the
active site so that the substrate won’t fit anymore. See diagram to the right.
Environmental conditions such as temperature and pH can affect the rate an enzyme can speed up reactions.
o Enzymes only work properly in a certain temperature range and a certain pH range.
o Most enzymes in your body like to work at your normal body temperature (98.7 degrees) and netural pH (6 – 8)
o That’s why a high fever is dangerous – because it can damage your enzymes!
Independent Practice
Directions: Complete all practice questions by using your background knowledge, notes from class, the biology
textbook, and the key points in the box above.
1.
____________________________________ is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
2.
The substrate bonds to a specific area on the enzyme molecule known as the enzyme's _______________________________.
3.
Compounds similar in shape to an enzyme's substrate, that can compete with the substrate molecules by binding with the active site of the
enzyme are said to be ________________________________________.
4.
Inside a human stomach, hydrochloric acid is important in digestion. Which reason best explains why the enzymes found in other parts of
the body would not function well in the stomach?
a. The temperature is too high
b. There is not enough water
c. The pH is too low
d. There are not enough substrates
5.
Some snake venoms are harmful because they contain enzymes that destroy blood cells or tissues. The damage caused by such a
snakebite could BEST be slowed by
a. Applying ice to the bite area
b. Drinking large amounts of water
c. Inducing vomiting
d. Increasing blood flow to the area
6.
Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose (milk sugar) in the small intestine. A scientist studied the activity of lactase under the
different conditions (different temperature and pH) shown in the table below. In which trial will the activity of lactase most likely be the
highest (which one will lactase work the best at)?
a. Trial 1
Trial Temperature (Celsius) pH
b. Trial 2
c. Trial 3
1
35 C
2.0
d. Trial 4
pH & Temperature of Small
2
50 C
2.0
Intenstines:
3
35 C
6.0
 pH = 5.9
4
50 C
6.0
 temperature = 37 C
7.
Lactase, maltase, and catalase are all types of enzymes. How do you know this?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8.
True or False? Enzymes are permanently changed when they are used as a catalyst.
9.
In the graph to the right it shows the activation energy needed in a
reaction. Assuming that both Line A and Line B are of the same
reaction which line likely had an enzyme present? How do you know?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
10. Which of the following options best explains how a scientist could decrease the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction?
a. Add more reactants as they are consumed by the reaction.
b. Remove the product as it is formed by the reaction.
c. Increase the concentration of enzyme substrate.
d. Add an inhibitor for the enzyme molecule.
11. An enzyme has optimal activity at a temperature of 30 °C and at a pH of 7. Biologists are studying the activity of this enzyme as they
manipulate cellular conditions in the lab. Under which of the following conditions would this enzyme's activity be most severely decreased?
a. The pH of the cellular fluid is 6.8.
b. The pH of the cellular fluid is 7.0.
c. The cell temperature is 42.0 °C.
d. The cell temperature is 30.0 °C.
12. In the diagram to the right label the following parts:
 Enzyme
 Active site
 Substrate(s)
 Product(s)
Unit 2- Cells and Cellular Energy
SC.912.L.14.1 Describe the scientific theory of cells (cell theory) and relate the history of its discovery to the processes of science.
SC.912.L.14.3 Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Key Points, Examples, and Diagrams:
Scientist of Cell Theory
 Spontaneous Generation: People thought that living things came from inanimate objects. This theory is not true and has been proven
wrong. The theory was proven prong by the scientist Francesco Redi.
 Robert Hooke: is responsible for naming cells. Hooke observed cork under a microscope and saw dead plant cell walls and named them
“CELLS” because they looked like the small rooms that monks lived in.
 Matthias Schleiden: concluded that all plants were made of cells
 Theodore Schwann: concluded that all animals were made of cells
 Rudolph Virchow: observed cells dividing. He reasoned that all cells come from other pre-existing cells by cell division
Cell Theory
 All living things are made of cells.
 Cells are the most basic units in living things.
 New cells are made from existing cells.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
 Prokaryotic = small and simple cells (bacteria)
▫ Do not have a nucleus!
 Eukaryotic = large and more complex cells (plants and animals)
▫ Have a nucleus!
▫ Has many organelles
Plant vs. Animal Cels
 Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplast and animal cells do not
 Plant cells have a large central vacuole (empty space) an animal cells have small vacuoles
 Animal cells have a centriole and plant cells do not.
 Animal cells are more round and plant cells are more rectangular.
Independent Practice
Directions: Complete all practice questions by using your background knowledge, notes from class, the biology textbook, and
the key points in the box above.
For Questions 1 and 2 use the diagram to the right.
1. Which part of cell theory is the diagram to the right evidence of?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2.
What scientist first discovered this part of cell theory?
_________________________________________________________________________________
3.
The theory of spontaneous generation included the idea that simple organisms like worms and flies
were created from abiotic (non-living) things like mud. In the 1600’s Francesco Redi performed an
experiment. Maggots developed from the eggs laid by flies in jar C.
MEAT
Solid Lid (A)
a)
MEAT
Lid with Screen
MEAT
No Lid (C)
What did the results of this experiment provide evidence of? __________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b)
Why was this important for the development of cell theory? ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Put the following structures in the order of smallest to largest: DNA, Tissue, Organ, Organism, Cell, Carbon Atom, Organelle
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Are all cells microscopic? If no, what is an example of a cell that is not microscopic? _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Which structures in the diagram below enable the observer to identify it is a plant cell?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.
What organelles are structures 1, 2, 3, and 4?
2
Organelle
1
1
4
2
3
4
8.
3
Mitochondria are nicknamed the “powerhouse” of the cell. Which body cell would mitochondria probably be the MOST abundant? Why?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.
A cell in your stomach just produced the enzyme amylase. What organelle was responsible for creating it? _____________________________
10. The mitochondria are to production of energy as _________________________________ is to the breakdown of waste.
11. What is the difference between Smooth ER, Rough ER, and Golgi Apparatus? ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
12. If the cell was a city which of the following would be the best analogy for the Golgi apparatus? _______________________________________
13. If a cell of an organism contains a nucleus, that organism is classified as what type of cell? __________________________________________
14. In which organelle does respiration take place? ____________________________________________________________________________
15. In which organelle does photosynthesis take place? ________________________________________________________________________
16. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have important similarities and differences. What are 3 major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells?
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
17. Using the diagram to the right, tell which cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic and why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Using the diagram to the right, which structure in
“Figure 2” corresponds (is the same) to structure I
in “Figure 1.” How do you know?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
SC.912.L.14.2 Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (passive and active transport).
Key Points, Examples, and Diagrams:
 Structure of a cell membrane:
o Made of a phospholipid bilayer (see diagram to the right)
o Phosphorus ‘head’ is hydrophilic (attracted to water)
o Lipid ‘tail’ is hydrophobic (afraid of water)
o Proteins embedded in the membrane so large particle can pass through (known as a
channel)
 Cell membranes are ‘selectively permeable’
o This means that particles/molecules can pass through the cell membrane (carbon
dioxide, oxygen, glucose, salt, water, etc.)
o However, not all things can pass through the cell membrane (it’s selective, remember!)
o Two types of transport across a cell membrane: Passive Transport and Active Transport
 Passive Transport – does not require energy. Movement from areas of high concentration to low
concentration. Three types:
o Diffusion – movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration.
o Facilitated diffusion – movement of particle from high concentration to low concentration
through a protein channel.
o Osmosis – diffusion of water (this means movement of water from high concentration to
low concentration).
 Active Transport – requires the use of energy. Movement from low concentration to high

concentration. Moves through a protein channel.
Types of Solutions Cells Might Be Found In:
o Hypotonic – water moves into a cell and it swells up
(gets larger) – remember hypo – hippo!
o Hypertonic – water moves out of a cell and it shrivels
up (gets smaller)
o Isotonic – no movement of water (stays the same
size)
This is an example of diffusion
(movement of particles)
Independent Practice
This is an example of osmosis
(movement of water)
Directions: Complete all practice questions by using your background knowledge, notes from class, the biology textbook, and the
key points in the box above.
1.
Fill out the chart below.
Transportation Type
Movement of Particles
(in terms of concentration gradients)
Osmosis
Diffusion
_________ concentration _________ concentration
_________ concentration _________ concentration
Facilitated Diffusion
_________ concentration _________ concentration
Active
_________ concentration _________ concentration
Energy
Required?
(yes or no)
Use of a
Channel?
(yes or no)
2.
Which types of transport require energy? ______________________________________________________________________
3.
Which types of transport do NOT require energy? ________________________________________________________________
4.
What is the main way that diffusion and facilitated diffusion differ? ___________________________________________________
5.
Oil does not dissolve in water. Does that mean that it is hydrophilic or hydrophobic? How do you know? _____________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Salt dissolves easily in water. Does that mean that it is hydrophilic or hydrophobic? How do you know? _____________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.
8.
Use the diagram to the right to answer the following questions:
a. Which side has more solute? ______________________
b.
Which side has more water? ______________________
c.
If the membrane is permeable to solute, in which direction will the particles move?
d.
If the membrane is permeable to water, in which direction will the water move?
Label each cell below as hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic.
a.___________________
9.
b.____________________
c._____________________
Label what type of transport each arrow represents in the diagram to the right:
a.
________________________________
b.
________________________________
c.
________________________________
SC.912.L.18.7 Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of photosynthesis.
Key Points, Examples, and Diagrams:
Key Points
1. Photosynthesis occurs in autotrophs.
2. Photosynthesis in the process of turning water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight in to the sugar molecule glucose.
3. There are 2 step in photosynthesis: The light dependent reaction, and light independent reaction (also called the Calvin Cycle).
Part 1
(sunlight)
The chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O  602 + C6H12O6
(sunlight)
This can be translated into words like this: Carbon Dioxide + Water  Oxygen + Glucose (sugar)
The large number 6’s in front of each chemical means there are 6 of those molecules. (ex: 6CO 2 means there are 6 carbon dioxide molecules)
The small numbers after the letters mean how many of that element is in each molecule. (ex: 6CO 2 means there are 2 oxygen atoms)
If you break down the equation as it is written above you have:
Reactants
Products
Carbon= 6
Carbon=6
Oxygen=18
Oxygen= 18
Hydrogen=12
Hydrogen=12
***This is important because this means you have the same number of elements on both side and elements can never be created or destroyed.
Independent Practice
Directions: Complete all practice questions by using your background knowledge, notes from class, the biology textbook, and the
key points in the box above.
1.
What is the balanced chemical formula for photosynthesis? __________________________________________________________________
2.
What are the two stages of photosynthesis? _______________________________________________________________________________
3.
Where does the light reaction take place? ________________________________________________________________________________
4.
What pigment absorbs the energy from sunlight during photosynthesis? _________________________________________________________
5.
If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars?
a. More sugars will be produced.
b. Fewer sugars will be produced.
c. The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide.
d. Carbon dioxide does not affect the production of high-energy sugars in plants.
SC.912.L.18.8 Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration.
Key Points, Examples, and Diagrams:
Key Points
1) Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of cells and in the cytoplasm.
2) Cellular respiration uses glucose made by plants during photosynthesis and turns it into cellular energy (ATP) through a series of three
chemical reactions.
3) The three chemical reactions of cellular respiration are called glycolysis, the electron transport chain and the Krebs cycle.
4) Oxygen must be available for cellular respiration to happen if it is not available, then fermentation will break down the glucose.
Vocabulary
Aerobic-(stem: aero=air) something that requires oxygen or air to work.
Anaerobic-(stem: an=non) something that does not require oxygen to work.
The Cellular Respiration Equation:
6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
(you need to memorize the equation and know the products and the reactants)
Fermentation
If there is no oxygen or mitochondria then fermentation will take place. There are two main types of fermentation alcoholic and lactic acid.
Independent Practice
Directions: Complete all practice questions by using your background knowledge, notes from class, the biology textbook,
and the key points in the box above.
1.
Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires________________________
2.
Write the balanced formula for cellular respiration: _________________________________________
3.
The two main types of fermentation are called
a. _________________________
b. ________________________
4.
Breathing heavily after a race is your body’s way of repaying the ________________________________________.
5.
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down what molecule?___________________________________
SC.912.L.18.9 Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Key Points, Examples, and Diagrams:
Key Points:
 The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is that plants (autotrophs) use BOTH processes where as animals
(heterotrophs) only use ONE process; cellular respiration.
 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are interrelated, they both depend on the other to work.
 The products of photosynthesis are the reactants for cellular respiration and the products of cellular respiration are the reactants for
photosynthesis
 Photosynthesis captures energy and cellular respiration releases energy.
Vocabulary:
Interrelated- (stem: inter= between) a relationship in which each depends on or is affected by the other or others.
How the Processes are Interrelated
Reason 1: The Equations
 The cellular respiration equation is 6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy.
 The photosynthesis equation is 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (sunlight) 6O2 + C6H12O6
 The reactants for photosynthesis are the products for cellular respiration.
Reason 2: Energy
Photosynthesis captures the energy from the sun and stores it as glucose (sugar).
Cellular respiration uses the energy stored in glucose to make ATP which the cell can break apart to release energy.
Summary
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are interrelated because neither could happen if the other did not exist! If plants only did photosynthesis
they could never use the energy in glucose. If the Earth did not have photosynthesis there would not be any glucose to break down.
Independent Practice
Venn Diagram
Directions: Complete all practice questions by using your background knowledge, notes from class, the biology
textbook, and the key points in the box above.
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Products:
Products:
What is one
similarity?
Reactants:
Reactants:
Does it capture or release
energy?
Does it capture or release
energy?
Is it done by autotrophs or
heterotrophs?
Is it done by autotrophs or
heterotrophs?