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http://hms.ttsd.k12.or.us/curriculum/7/renaissance/people.html 1350- 1650 AD Architects, Artists, and Patrons Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Botticelli Raphael Cosimo de’ Medici Lorenzo de’ Medici Giotto Brunelleschi Donatello Isabella d’Este Writers, Poets, and Playwrights, Philosophers, William Shakespeare Miguel de Cervantes Erasmus Niccolo Machiavelli Petrarch Religious Leaders Martin Luther Pope Julius II Sir Thomas Moore Joan of Arc John Calvin Scientists and Inventors Monarchs Henry VIII Anne Boleyn Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain Elizabeth I Mary Stuart,Queen of Scots Mary Tudor I,"Bloody Mary" Philip II Other websites to peruse: Artists http://wwar.com/masters/movements/renaissance.html Mix http://www.42explore2.com/renaissance2.htm http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/projects/renaissance/ Johann Gutenberg Gerardus Mercator Isaac Newton Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Andreas Vesalius Rene Descartes Nicolaus Copernicus Explorers Sir Francis Drake Prince Henry the Navigator Magellan Vasco de Gama Christopher Columbus Renaissance People, Terms and Nations, Dynastic Families Balboa-crossed the Isthmus of Panama and claimed the Pacific for Spain Botticelli- Painted Birth of Venus and other scenes from classical mythology also noted for his Madonnas Brueghel-Painted lively scenes of village life Boyle- founder of Modern Chemistry Cabral-Claimed Brazil for Portugal Calvin and Calvinism- broke away from the Catholic church, defined his new religion, emphasized predestination. created a new church in Switzerland Cartier-His voyage up the St. Lawrence seaway gave the French claim to eastern Canada Catherine the Great-Romanov ruler of Russia who continued Peter the Great's policies of expansion and resolved the Polish question. expanded the boundaries of Russia and benefitted from the partition of Poland Charles V-A Hapsburg who was both King of France and Spain Columbus-landed on a tiny island he named San Salvador Copernicus-(Polish scientist) Heliocentric theory (sun is the center of the universe) Cortes- Defeated the Aztec ruler Montezuma Descartes- Described a new method of inquiry in which all thought would follow the orderly progression of scientific reasoning Durer-noted for copper engravings and woodcuts Erasmus- "In Praise of Folly" (ridiculed ignorance, superstition and vice among the clergy) Ferdinand -led the Spanish Inquisition Frederick William I- Hohenzollern who assisted in solidifying control in Prussia with strict discipline Frederick I-"first king of Prussia" as granted by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II (the Great)-expanded Prussian territory and made Prussia a first-class power in Europe Galileo-Used the telescope to prove that the earth rotated on its axis. (popularized the use of the telescope) Gutenberg-Invented the moveable type Henry IV-choose the Duke of Sulley to increase French coffers Henry VIII- King who got his own way and at the same time established the Anglican Church Holbein-noted for painted portraits specifically of Erasmus and Sir Thomas More Hooke- identified cells Isabella-ruler of Castile who manipulated her marriage to Ferdinand and created a new country called Spain Kepler-Discovered obits of the planets were ellipses La Salle-Sailed down the Mississippi and claimed the entire island region of North American for France. Lavoisier- Law of Conservation of Matter Leewenhoek-Discovered Bacteria Leonardo da Vinci-Made use of scientific experiments in paintings Louis XIV- King of France who declared himself divine monarch Luther and Lutheranism-Protested against the Catholic church's use of indulgences and the corruption of the church. Machiavelli-Wrote the book "The Prince" which emphasized control of the people by a ruler to establish a society where people would be best served by the ruler. Magellan-First to circumvent the globe Marie Theresa-Hapsburg who benefitted when the Pragmatic Sanction was declared Martin Luther- Challenged the church by posting 95 thesis on the church door Michelangelo-Paintings and sculpture have massive dignity. Michael Romanov-established the Romanov dynasty in Russia that was in control for over 300 years until the last Czar of Russia in 1917. Newton-Combined Kepler and Galileo to develop Laws of Universal Gravitation Peter the Great- Attempted to Westernize Russia Philip II- centralized Spanish government Pizarro-Conqueror the Incas Ponce de Leon-explored Florida Prince Henry (of Portugal)-Established a school for navigators Raphael-Noted for his Madonnas Richeleiu-Louis XIII's chief minister who strengthened the power of the king by appointing special officials that undermined the power of the nobles local power. He also weakened the power of the Hapsburgs throughout Europe, and the Huguenots or French protestants. Sir Thomas More-Wrote "Utopia" which described both social problems and possible solutions Titian-His works noted for very rich colors Vasco da Gama-Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa and brought back spices and jewels from India. Versalius- conducted investigations to see how the human body was constructed William the Silent- leader of the rebellion of the Netherlands from Spanish rule http://killeenroos.com/2/PEO1415A.htm