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Biology Study Guide CH 21 Fungi 1. All fungi _______ their food. 2. Fungi do NOT carry out the process of ____________________, like plants do. 3. Fungi resemble plants in that they both always have ________ walls. 4. A mushroom is a fungal ________________ body. 5. The tangled mass that makes up the body of a fungus is the __________________. 6. What is the distinguishing difference between the two types of fungal hyphae? 7. Most fungi reproduce both ______________ & ___________________. 8. Stinkhorns, which mimic the odor of rotting meat, have spores that are dispersed by _______. 9. Sporangia are found at the tops of specialized hyphae called _________________________. 10. Dark fuzz that grows on bread mold is an example of _________________. 11. Bread rises because fermentation by yeasts produces ______________ __________________. 12. Yeasts obtain energy by alcoholic fermentation in the absence of ___________________. 13. Mushrooms are classified as ______________ fungi. 14. Be able to label the structures found in a mushroom. 15. Over time, nutrients at the center of a large underground mycelium become depleted causing new mushrooms to sprout only in a _____________ at the _______________ edges. 16. _____________________is the source of an antibiotic. 17. What are some important roles of fungi in the ecosystem? 18. Fungi that absorb food from decaying organic matter are ___________________. 19. What do fungi feed on? 20. Fungi help to return ____________ elements to the soil. 21. The human disease, ringworm, is caused by a __________________. 22. The growth of yeasts in moist regions of the body is kept in check by competition from ___________. 23. The fungus that forms a mycelium within the outer layers of human skin causes ______________ & ______________. 24. The normal balance between bacteria & yeasts in the body can be upset by using _________________. 25. Lichens are composed of an ________________ or a _____________________ and a ________________ living together. 26. The association of plants and fungi in mycorrhizae illustrates a type of relationship called ________. 27. Fungi are ___________________ heterotrophs. 28. Fungal cell walls are composed of ____________. 29. Spore-bearing structures called basidia are found in the ______________________ of mushrooms. 30. Imperfect fungi do not have a ___________________ phase. 31. How are fungi both helpful and harmful to people? 32. From a diagram of a mushroom be sure you can label the parts and know about what they do.