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Chapter 4 Notes I. Ionic and Covalent Bonding A. Atoms ____ when their _______ electrons interact 1. remember, atoms want a ____ outer shell 2. when atoms bond with other atoms they either ____, ____, or ______ electrons 3. the outermost energy level of a ______ atom is ____ of electrons 4. H + H H2 __ __ __ (shared) B. Ionic bonds 1. formed between _________ charged ions a. metals ______ (+) b. nonmetals _____ (-) 2. formed by the _______ of electrons a. one atom _____ electrons b. one atom _____ electrons 3. Examples and non-examples a. NaCl c. CO2 e. CaF2 b. Fe2O3 d. H2O f. Cl2 C. Covalent bonds 1. formed between ________ atoms 2. atoms joined by covalent bonds _____ electrons 3. Cl + Cl Cl2 __ __ __ 4. shared electrons = full valence shell 5. atoms may share ____ than one pair of electrons a. double covalent bond – ____ shared electrons b. triple covalent bond – ____ shared electrons D. Polyatomic ions 1. group of _________ bonded atoms 2. either ______ or _____ electrons 3. act the same as ions they have a ___ ______ 4. examples a. OH c. NH4 b. CO3 d. PO4 II. Compound Names and Formulas A. Naming ionic compounds 1. names include ions that make up compound a. cation ______ positively charged b. anion _______ negatively charged 2. order of naming a. “metal + nonmetal” b. nonmetal drops ending for “___” c. sodium + chlorine ______ ______ (NaCl) d. examples (1) CaCl2 (2) MgO (3) KF (4) Li2S (5) BeCl2 (6) Al2O3 3. some cation names must show their charge a. transition metals form several cations b. Iron (III) Oxide ____ reddish brown (rust) c. Iron (II) Oxide ____ black powder B. Writing formulas for ionic compounds 1. write symbol for ______ (including charge) ex. Al 2. write symbol for ______ (including charge) ex. F 3. combine in correct order Al F 4. criss-cross method ____ 5. practice lithium oxide beryllium chloride titanium (III) nitride cobalt (III) hydroxide C. Naming covalent compounds 1. completely different rules from naming ionic compounds 2. ________ ________ are used to name covalent compounds (1) ____ (4) ____ (7) ____ (10) ____ (2) ___ (5) ____ (8) ____ (3) ____ (6) ____ (9) ____ 3. prefix describes how many atoms of each element are present 4. examples BF3 = _____________________ a. N2O4 d. diphosphorus pentoxide b. CO2 e. carbon monoxide c. N2O f. nitrogen monoxide 5. element that is farthest right on the periodic table is named _______ and ends in “___”