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Chapter 4 Notes
I. Ionic and Covalent Bonding
A. Atoms ____ when their _______ electrons interact
1. remember, atoms want a ____ outer shell
2. when atoms bond with other atoms they either ____,
____, or ______ electrons
3. the outermost energy level of a ______ atom is ____
of electrons
4. H + H  H2
__ __ __ (shared)
B. Ionic bonds
1. formed between _________ charged ions
a. metals  ______ (+)
b. nonmetals  _____ (-)
2. formed by the _______ of electrons
a. one atom _____ electrons
b. one atom _____ electrons
3. Examples and non-examples
a. NaCl
c. CO2
e. CaF2
b. Fe2O3
d. H2O
f. Cl2
C. Covalent bonds
1. formed between ________ atoms
2. atoms joined by covalent bonds _____ electrons
3. Cl + Cl  Cl2
__
__
__
4. shared electrons = full valence shell
5. atoms may share ____ than one pair of electrons
a. double covalent bond – ____ shared electrons
b. triple covalent bond – ____ shared electrons
D. Polyatomic ions
1. group of _________ bonded atoms
2. either ______ or _____ electrons
3. act the same as ions  they have a ___ ______
4. examples
a. OH
c. NH4
b. CO3
d. PO4
II. Compound Names and Formulas
A. Naming ionic compounds
1. names include ions that make up compound
a. cation  ______  positively charged
b. anion  _______  negatively charged
2. order of naming
a. “metal + nonmetal”
b. nonmetal drops ending for “___”
c. sodium + chlorine  ______ ______ (NaCl)
d. examples
(1) CaCl2
(2) MgO
(3) KF
(4) Li2S
(5) BeCl2
(6) Al2O3
3. some cation names must show their charge
a. transition metals  form several cations
b. Iron (III) Oxide  ____  reddish brown (rust)
c. Iron (II) Oxide  ____  black powder
B. Writing formulas for ionic compounds
1. write symbol for ______ (including charge)  ex. Al
2. write symbol for ______ (including charge)  ex. F
3. combine in correct order 
Al F
4. criss-cross method  ____
5. practice
lithium oxide
beryllium chloride
titanium (III) nitride
cobalt (III) hydroxide
C. Naming covalent compounds
1. completely different rules from naming ionic
compounds
2. ________ ________ are used to name covalent
compounds
(1) ____ (4) ____ (7) ____ (10) ____
(2) ___ (5) ____ (8) ____
(3) ____ (6) ____ (9) ____
3. prefix describes how many atoms of each element are
present
4. examples  BF3 = _____________________
a. N2O4
d. diphosphorus pentoxide
b. CO2
e. carbon monoxide
c. N2O
f. nitrogen monoxide
5. element that is farthest right on the periodic table is
named _______ and ends in “___”