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Civil War VS.7
WHAT CONFLICTS DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE NORTHERN AND
SOUTHERN STATES IN THE YEARS FOLLOWING THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION?
By the mid-1800s conflicts were rising between the northern
states and southern states due to differences between the two.
Economy and new states formed from territories were among
the problems that led to the Civil War.
ECONOMY
Northern States- by this time the economy of the northern
states was more industrialized.
Northern factories made all kinds of goods from tools to
clothing Manufacturing was the major industry in the North.
Southern States- the economy was agricultural and relied more
on slave labor.
Farming, which relied on slave labor was the major
industry.
NEW TERRITORIES
During the first half of the 1800s, the United States added
new states from the western territories. People argued whether
the new states formed out of those territories should enter the
United States as “free states” or” slave states.”
Northern States Point of View
on slavery and new states-
Southern states Point of View
on slavery and new states-
Northerners believed that new
states should enter as a free state
(would not allow slavery)
Southerners believed that new
states should enter as slave states
(would allow slavery)
WHAT IS AN ABOLITIONIST?
ABOLITIONIST –People who campaigned or worked to end
slavery.
WHAT WERE SOME EVENTS THAT LED VIRGINIA TO SECESSION AND
TO WAR?
Nat Turner’s Revolt 1831A slave named Nat Turner led a revolt against slavery in Virginia.
Nat and his men killed more than 50 people, including his
owner. Slave owners tried to end the revolt with their own
attack, killing over 100 slaves.
Nat Turner’s Revolt
Harriet Tubman- was an escaped slave who later returned
to the South numerous times to lead enslaved people to
freedom. She supported a secret route that escaped enslaved
African Americans took freedom. It became known as the
“Underground Railroad”.
The Underground Railroad was not a train, and it was not
underground. The Underground Railroad was a secret route
which runaway slaves could find safe stops along the way to
free states or Canada.
Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad
John Brown- 1859
John Brown was an abolitionist, who led a small army of 21
on a raid on the United States Armory (arsenal) located in
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia (what is today West Virginia) on the night
of October 16, 1859. He planned to use the thousands of
weapons stored there to arm slaves and start slave rebellion.
The first part of his raid was successful and that night he and his
men seized control of the armory/arsenal and an engine house.
When Army workers discovered Brown’s men early on the
morning of October 17, local militia, farmers, and shopkeepers
surrounded the U.S. Armory/Arsenal. Gunfire was exchanged.
Brown had expected that once he had the control of the
weapons that hundreds of local slaves would come and join
him in the fight. This never happened.
Realizing his escape route was cut off, he and his men
retreated into the small
engine house (the
engine house would
come to be known as
John Brown’s Fort). The
militia and townspeople
surrounded the fort and
both sides traded
sporadic gun fire.
On October 18, a
group of marines, led
by Colonel Robert E. Lee (we will learn more about him later)
arrived. They offered Brown and his men the opportunity to
surrender, but Brown refused. The marines quickly attacked
and broke down the door of the engine house and captured
the men inside. Many of Brown’s men were killed, but Brown
survived and was taken prisoner. He was convicted of treason
and was hanged.
John Brown and the raid on the United States Armory/Arsenal in
Harpers Ferry, Va.
HOW DOES ABRAHAM LINCOLN FIT INTO ALL OF THIS?
In the time before the Civil War, the country was
greatly divided.
When Abraham Lincoln was running for president, he
promised to not allow slavery in the new western territories. He
said he would not end slavery in the South.
Southern states did not believe him. They believed that he
would end slavery in the South.
So, in 1860 when Abraham was elected President, many
Southern States were worried he would end slavery. Many
Southerners considered his election as a “call to war”.
Some southern states seceded or left the Union and
formed the “Confederate States of America”. This means they
left the United States (also called the Union) and formed a new
country called the Confederate States of America. Later
Virginia seceded and joined them. The Confederate States of
America formed its own government with its own president and
currency.
WHY DID WEST VIRGINIA BECOME A STATE in 1863?
(This happens during the Civil War)
Conflicts grew between the eastern counties of Virginia that
relied on slavery and the western counties did not favor slavery.
When Virginia voted and decided to secede from the
Union, the western counties of Virginia did not accept the vote
to secede. Because of this and many disagreements between
the 2 regions of the state, it was agreed that the western
counties would form West Virginia. West Virginia did not secede
from the Union.
Virginia BEFORE the
formation of West Virginia
Virginia AFTER the formation
of West Virginia
West Virginia
Virginia
Virginia
1860 WAR BREAKS OUT
The Confederate States of America (C.S.A) formed from
the 11 state that left the United States) went to war against the
United States of America.
FLAGS OF THE UNION AND CONFEDERACY
Union Flag (North)
United States of America
Confederate Flag (South)
Confederate States of America
The Civil War was fought in many different states, but most
of the battles were fought in the South. More battles were
fought in Virginia than in anywhere else.
The Confederate States of America made Richmond,
Virginia their capital.
WHAT ROLE DID WHITE VIRGINIANS PLAY DURING THE WAR?
Most white Virginians supported the Confederacy
WHAT ROLES DID ENSLAVED AFRICAN AMERICANS PLAY DURING
THE WAR?
The Confederacy relied on enslaved African Americans
to raise crops and provide labor for the Confederate Army.
Many enslaved African Americans sought freedom by
following the Union Army where many found work.
Some of the enslaved African America men and
women who fled to the Union side provided labor for the
Union Army.
Some of the African American men who fled to the
Union side fought for the Union Army.
WHAT ROLES DID FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS PLAY DURING THE
WAR?
Some free African Americans joined the Union Army.
Some free African Americans joined the Union Navy.
WHAT ROLE DID AMERICAN INDIANS PLAY DURING THE CIVIL
WAR?
Many American Indians did not take sides during the
Civil War
WHERE DID THE FIRST MAJOR CLASH OF THE CIVIL WAR TAKE
PLACE?
On July 21, 1861, in Virginia along the bank of a stream
called Bull Run the first major clash of the Civil War happened.
This battle has come to be known as The Battle of Bull Run or
Battle of Manassas.
The Battle of Bull Run also known as the Battle of Manassas
General “Stonewall” Jackson played a major role in the
Battle of Manassas.
The Confederates eventually won the Battle of Manassas.
WHAT IS THE BATTLE OF IRONCLADS?
Monitor (Union)
Merrimack (Confederate)
As a war strategy, President Lincoln was using the Union
Navy ships to block southern ports. Naval battles were very
common during the Civil War.
Both sides wanted to find a way to make their warships less
vulnerable during naval attacks. Both the Union and
Confederacy made Ironclad ships. These ships were called
ironclads, because they were clad, or covered with iron.
March, 1862: The Union wanted to capture Richmond, the
capital of the Confederacy. They decided to reach Richmond
by traveling up the James River. The route up the James River
to Richmond was blocked by the Confederate ironclad, the
Merrimack. The Confederate Merrimack had already sunk 2
Union ships and forced 3 others onto shore before it met the
Union ironclad, the Monitor, in the Virginia waters, near Norfolk
and Hampton.
This was the first time in history that ironclads battled. The
battle lasted for over 2 hours. The cannon shells they shot at
each other had little effect on either warship. The battle ended
in a draw, without a clear winner.
WHO WAS ROBERT E. LEE?
General Robert E. Lee was a Confederate
General. He was the Commander of the Army of
Northern Virginia. His troops defeated the Union
troops at Fredericksburg, Virginia.
WHY WAS RICHMOND BURNED?
Once the Confederacy realized that there was no way to
stop the Union from capturing their capital, Richmond, they set
fires as they retreated. The Confederates
did this to keep their stockpiled war
supplies from the approaching Union
forces.
Eventually, Richmond was captured
and fell to Union General Ulysses S. Grant.
WHERE DID THE CIVIL WAR END?
Appomattox Court House,
Virginia
In April of 1865 the
Confederate General Robert E.
Lee and Union General Ulyssess S.
Grant met in Appomattox Court
House, Virginia. The two generals worked out the terms of the
Confederate surrender there.
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his army
to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House,
Virginia. His surrender ended the Civil War and resulted in the
Union winning the Civil War.
Confederate General
Robert E. Lee
Union General
Ulysses S. Grant