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Chapter 1
Essentials of World Regional Geography
Chapter Overview
Chapter 1 introduces the themes which include the Nature of Geography, Globalization
and Localization, Regions and Natural Environments, Cultural Geography, People, Politics,
Economics; including wealth and poverty, geography, development, and human rights including
Major World Regions.
What is geography? Geography is the study of spatial patterns in human and physical world.
Geography is also about how human and natural characteristics are spread across Earth’s surface.
Examples are the distribution, criminal activities or hurricanes which can be mapped and
explained.
Geographical studies begin with knowing where places are and where certain events take
place. Think about where you live now and if you grew up in a completely different country.
Think about what would be affected. How would this difference affect language, religion, food,
music, schools, weather, environmental conditions, views of world issues and their possible
solutions?
Chapter Outline
Global and Local Lives
Chapter Themes
I. Contemporary Geography
A. What is Geography?
1. Physical Geography
2. Human Geography
3. Place Matters
B.Location, Direction and Representation
1. Maps and Geographic Information Systems
2. Latitude and Longitude
3. Distance and Direction
C. The Regional Approach to Geography
II. Globalization and Localization
A. Globalization
B. Localization
III. Regions and Natural Environments
A. Powerful Natural Systems
B. Solid Earth Environments
C. Atmosphere-Ocean Environments
1. Heating the Atmosphere-Ocean System
2. Air and Water Circulating in the Atmosphere-Ocean System
3. World Climate Regions
4. Global Climate Change
D. Earth Surface-Environments
E. Ecosystem Environments
F. Human Impacts on Natural Environments
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1. Farming and Mining
2. Industry and Global Warming
3. Ozone Depletion
4. Acid Deposition
G. Resources and Hazards
II. Regions and Cultural Geography
A. Language
B. Religion
1. Major World Religions
2. Religion and Society
C. Cultural Status: Race, Class, and Gender
1. Ethnicity and Race
2. Class Distinctions
3. Gender Inequalities
D. Cultures and Regions
III. Regions and People
A. Population Distribution and Dynamics
1. Where People Are
2. Urban Growth
3. Population Ups and Downs
4. The Migration Factor
5. Overall Population Change
IV. Regions and Politics
A. Countries Still Dominate
1. Nations and Nationalism
2. Indigenous Peoples
3. Governments
B. Global Governance
1. Intergovernmental Organizations
2. Nongovernmental Organizations
C. Country Groupings for Trade or Defense
V. Regions and Economics: Wealth and Poverty
A. Measuring Wealth and Poverty
1. GDP and GNI
2. HDI and HPI
B. Creating Material Wealth
1. Marketplace Economy
2. Central Planning Economy
C. The Global Economy
1. Multinational Corporations
2. Outsourcing, Offshoring,and Offshore Financial Centers
3. ”Deglobalization”
4. Global Financial Services
5. Global City-Regions
VI. Geography, Development and Human Rights
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A. Human Development
1. Three Worlds
2. Modernization and Growth Poles
3. Competing Systems
4. “Bottom-Up, Not Top-Down”
5. Responsible Growth and Emerging Countries
6. The Growing Middle Classes
B. Issues of Human Rights
1. Human Development and Human Rights
VII. Major World Regions
1. Europe
2. Russia and Neighboring Countries
3. East Asia
4. Southeast Asia
5. South Asia
6. Northern Africa and Southwestern Asia
7. Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica
8. Africa South of the Sahara
9. Latin America
10. North America
Geography At Work: AAG President in Iran: Reconciling Differences
Themes/Perspectives for General Discussion
1. Why Geography? Consider what it would be like if you grew up in another country. Ask how
that might affect the language you would speak. Your family’s religious preferences, the food
you eat, the music you listen to, or the schools you attend?
2. How might the different weather and other environmental conditions affect you? Might your
views of world issues and possible solutions differ from what they are now? What might be the
same?
3. How has Global Warming affected the way we live?
4. How has the U.S. government’s attitude toward the Kyoto Protocol affected other countries
around the world?
5. What some countries views are towards woman and equality today?
6. How does China’s one child policy conflict with its tradtional attitude towards male children?
Is there a gender imbalance in China today as a result of their tradition conflicting with their
policies?
7. How do countries in the core of the exploit the resources of those countries located in the outer
periphery?
8. What was the first non-renewable resource U.S. soldier set out to protect after invading Iraq?
9. What recommendation did the health minister of South Africa suggest to its citizenry in order
to protect them from HIV-AIDS?
10. From what origin did peoples from China, Korea and Japan evolve?
Key Terms and Concepts
absolute location
atmosphere-ocean environment
biome
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birth rate
capital city
centrally planned economic system
class
climate
convergent plate margin
core country
country
cultural geography
cultural rights
culture fault line
culture hearth
death rate
demography
deposition
desert biome
development
direction
distance
divergent plate margin
earth surface environments
economic geography
ecosystem
ecosystem environments
emerging countries
erosion
ethnic group
ethnic religion
federal government
First World
flow
forest biome
formal economy
free market enterprise (capitalist) system
friction of distance
gender
geographic information system (GIS)
geography
global city-region
global positioning system (GPS)
global warming
globalization
governance
grassland biome
greenhouse effect
gross domestic product (GDP)
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gross national income (GNI)
growth pole
human development
Human Development Index (HDI)
human geography
Human Poverty Index (HPI)
human rights
import substitution
indigenous people
infant mortality
informal economy
Kyoto Protocol
language
latitude
localization
location
longitude
map
meridian of longitude
migration
modernization
multinational corporation
nation
nationalism
natural hazard
natural resource
nongovernmental organization
nonrenewable resource
ocean biomes
orographic lifting
outsourcing
parallel of latitude
peripheral country
physical geography
place
polar biome
polar climate
political geography
political rights
population density
population distribution
population doubling time
primary sector
primate city
purchasing power parity (PPP)
quaternary sector
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race
regional geography
relative location
relief
religion
renewable resource
responsible growth
rural area
scale
Second World
secondary sector
social rights
soil
solid earth environment
spatial view
structural adjustment
sustainable human development
systematic (thematic) geography
tectonic plate
temperate climate
tertiary sector
Third World
total fertility rate
tropical climate
tundra
unitary government
universalizing religion
urban area
weathering
world region
Suggestions for Further Reading
Brunn, Stanley D., Williams, Jack F., & Zeigler, Donald J. 2003 Cities of the World:
World Regional Urban Development Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield, 3rd rev
ed.
De Blij, H. J. Mueller, Peter O., Williams, Richard S., Jr. 2004 Physical Geography: The
Global Environment New York: Oxford University Press
Freidman, Thomas L. 2005 The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First
Century New York: Farrar, Strauss & Giroux
Gaile, Gary L., Wilmott, Cort J. eds. 2004 Geography in America at the Dawn of the
Twenty-First Century New York: Oxford University Press 2nd rev. ed.
Goode’s World Atlas 2005 Skokie, IL: Rand McNally, 21st rev. ed.
Johnston, Ron J. et al eds. 2000 The Dictionary of Human Geography Malden, MA:
Blackwell 4th rev. ed.
Kimerling A. Jon, Muehrcke, Phillip C. & Muehrcke, Juliana O. 2005 Map Use: Reading
–Analysis-Interpretation Madison, WI: JP Publications, 5th rev. ed.
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Full file at http://testbanksolutions.org/Solution-Manual-for-Essentials-of-World-Regional-Geography-2nd-Edition-2-E
Martin, Geoffrey J. 2005 All Possible Worlds: A History of Geographical Ideas New
York: Oxford University Press 4th rev. ed.
Rogers, Alisdair & Viles, Heather A. eds. 2003 The Student’s Companion to Geography
Malden, MA: Blackwell 2nd rev. ed.
Sheppard, Eric & Barnes, Trevor, eds. 2000 A Companion to Economic Geography
Malden, MA: Blackwell
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