Download Reconstruction (1865

Reconstruction (1865-1877)
Reconstruction: The physical and political rebuilding of the South after the Civil War
Reconstruction Presidents:
Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
Ulysses Grant
Rutherford B. Hayes
Abraham Lincoln
10% Plan – lenient, 10% of 1860 voters took an oath of
allegiance then the state could be readmitted to the Union
-Congress disagreed & tried to pass the Wade Davis Bill giving Congress the
power over Reconstruction, not the President
-Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill
-Lincoln died before he could carry out his Reconstruction policy
Andrew Johnson
Presidential Reconstruction much like Lincoln’s plan but Johnson
wanted to punish the Southern plantation owners
Civil Rights Act of 1866—Congress tried to make Black Codes illegal
-Johnson Vetoed this Act so Congress added the 14th Amendment to the
Constitution giving African Americans citizenship rights and Equal Protection
The Freedmen’s Bureau was created to help former slaves & poor whites
-gave food & clothing
Congress wanted to enlarge the
-set up shelters
Freedmen’s Bureau—Johnson
-opened 40 hospitals
VETOED it
-4000 primary schools
-61 industrial institutes
-74 teacher training centers
Congressional Reconstruction
Moderate & Radical Republican Congressmen worked together to
override Johnson’s vetoes
“40 acres and a mule”
-1865 Gen. Sherman promised this to freed slaves that joined his army
-Aug. 1865 former slaves were given 40,000 acres of land
-Pres. Johnson made them give the land back to the former land owners
1867 Johnson was Impeached by the House of Representatives
-he violated the Tenure of Office Act (He fired Edwin Stanton—and he did not
have the power to do this.)
-Johnson was found not guilty by the Senate by 1 vote
1868 US Grant was elected President (Republican)
-15th Amendment—gave African American men voting rights
-Grant’s administration was known for Graft-using political power for personal
gain
-Whiskey Ring Scandal—members of Grant’s gov’t were in cahoots w/ whiskey
distillers for kickbacks, etc.
Election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes v. Samuel Tilden (neither won by a majority & a deal was made in
Congress)
Compromise of 1877
 Rutherford Hayes would become president
 Federal troops would be pulled out of the South
 A railroad would be built from the South to the West
 A Southern Democrat would be a member of the President’s cabinet
 Reconstruction would end in the South
When Reconstruction ended the power and rights of the newly enfranchised African
Americans also ended.
 KKK—became more active (started during Reconstruction)
 “Solid South” was formed—white Southerners voted Democratic after
the war
 Led to Home Rule or “Redemption” in the South—Southern Democrats
took over politics in the South
Reconstruction Terms:
Military Reconstruction:
The South was divided into 5 military districts and ruled by federal troops
Radical Republicans:
Congressmen that wanted equal rights for former slaves
Thaddeus Stevens & Charles Sumner
Southerners that voted Republican:
1. African Americans—Republicans gave them their rights
2. Carpetbaggers—Yankees that came south after the war; some came to
actually help but many came to take advantage of the sad
circumstances
3. Scalawags—Southerners that wanted to industrialize the south or that
had supported the Union during the war
Hiram Revels—1st African American Senator (Mississippi)
Sharecroppers—poor Southern farmers that did not own their land
-former slaves & poor whites
-paid for land with a “share” of the crop
Tenant Farmers—poor Southerners that did not own their own land
-former slaves & poor whites
-paid for land with cash -- very risky
Amnesty Act: former Confederates were pardoned—now allowed to vote & hold
office
 Former Confederates will vote DEMOCRATIC
 “Home Rule” Southern Democrats control Southern politics
 “Redemption”
 Will limit the power of African American voters
Reconstruction (________________)
_______________: The physical and political rebuilding of the South after the Civil War
Reconstruction Presidents:
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_____________________
__________ – lenient, 10% of 1860 voters took an oath of
allegiance then the state could be readmitted to the Union
-Congress disagreed & tried to pass the _____________ giving Congress the
power over Reconstruction, not the President
-Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill
-Lincoln died before he could carry out his Reconstruction policy
_________________ ______________________ much like Lincoln’s plan but Johnson
wanted to punish the Southern plantation owners
___________________________—Congress tried to make Black Codes illegal
-Johnson _________________ this Act so Congress added the ________________
to the Constitution giving African Americans citizenship rights and Equal Protection
_________________________ was created to help former slaves & poor whites
-___________________________
Congress wanted to enlarge the
-___________________________
Freedmen’s Bureau—Johnson
-___________________________
-___________________________
_____________ it
-___________________________
-___________________________
____________________________________
Moderate & Radical Republican Congressmen ____________ to override
Johnson’s vetoes
“_____________________________”
-1865 Gen. Sherman promised this to freed slaves that joined his army
-Aug. 1865 former slaves were given 40,000 acres of land
-Pres. Johnson made them give the land back to the former land owners
1867 Johnson was_____________________ by the House of Representatives
-he violated the ___________________________ (He fired Edwin Stanton—and
he did not have the power to do this.)
-Johnson was found ___________________ by the Senate by 1 vote
1868 __________________ was elected President (Republican)
-______________________—gave African American men voting rights
-Grant’s administration was known for_____________-using political power for
personal gain
-_____________________—members of Grant’s gov’t were in cahoots w/
whiskey distillers for kickbacks, etc.
Election of 1876
________________________ v. Samuel Tilden (neither won by a majority & a deal was
made in Congress)
Compromise of 1877
 _____________________________________________
 _____________________________________________
 A_______________ would be built from the South to the West
 A __________________ would be a member of the President’s cabinet
 ____________________________________________
When Reconstruction ended the power and rights of the newly enfranchised African
Americans also ended.
 __________________—became
more
active
(started
during
Reconstruction)
 “____________________________” was formed—white Southerners
voted _________________________ after the war
 Led to ___________________ or “_____________________” in the
South—Southern Democrats took over politics in the South
Reconstruction Terms:
____________________________________:
The South was divided into 5 _________________ and ruled by federal troops
______________________________:
Congressmen that wanted equal rights for former slaves
___________________________________ & ____________________________
Southerners that voted Republican:
1. ____________________________—Republicans gave them their rights
2. ___________________________—Yankees that came south after the
war; some came to actually help but many came to take advantage of
the sad circumstances
3. ______________________________—Southerners that wanted to
industrialize the south or that had supported the Union during the war
____________________________—1st African American Senator (Mississippi)
_________________________—poor Southern farmers that did not own their land
-former slaves & poor whites
-paid for land with a “share” of the crop
_________________________—poor Southerners that did not own their own land
-former slaves & poor whites
-paid for land with cash -- very risky
Amnesty Act: former Confederates were pardoned—now allowed to vote & hold
office
 Former Confederates will vote DEMOCRATIC They will not vote
Republican—b/c Republicans were in charge of Reconstruction.
 “Home Rule” Southern Democrats control Southern politics
 “Redemption”
 Will limit the power of African American voters