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Name________________________ Physics Chapter 16 - Light Light is an __________________________wave . The frequencies of the light wave stimulate the retina of the eye. The eye can detect light that is emitted from a source or reflected by an object. The visible spectrum of light has wavelengths that range from: _________________________________ to ______________________________ The visible spectrum is a range of color from: ___________________________________________________________________ The respective frequencies range from: ____________________________Hertz to __________________________Hertz Light with wavelengths longer than red light is called ______________________waves followed by microwaves, radio waves, and TV waves. Light with wavelengths shorter than violet light is called ____________________________waves followed by X-rays, and Gamma rays. 1 Name________________________ Physics Chapter 16 – Light The speed of light waves is constant. V light = 299, 792,458 m/s = c = 3 x 10 8 m/s in a vacuum c = wavelength x frequency (as the wavelength gets shorter, from red to violet, the frequency gets higher. This is called an inverse relationship.) E = mc2 (the c in this expression represents the speed of light) Example: Light takes 1.28 s to travel from the moon to the earth. What is the distance between the earth and the moon? 2 Name________________________ Physics Chapter 16 – Light Light waves have a straight line path. As a result the wave is represented as a ray, The study of light is called _________________________________. Ray diagrams are used to study how light is REFLECTED and REFRACTED. Draw a ray diagram to represent reflection and refraction. Reflection Refraction 3 Name________________________ Physics Chapter 16 – Light Sources of Light A body that emits light is a __________________________________body. The rate at which light is emitted from a ________________________ body is called the __________________________________ ( ) and is measured in _____________________________ ( ) (a 100 watt bulb emits approximately 1750 lumens) A body that reflects light is a(n)________________________________body. The amount of light that reaches a surface is called _________________________________________ ( ) and is measured in __________________________per square meter also called a ___________________________________ ( ) Light falling on a surface is dependent upon: 1. The intensity of the light source. 2. Distance the light source is away from the surface. _______________________ ( ) is directly proportional to __________________ ( ) Is inversely proportional to ________________( ) The formula for _________________________________ is: If the distance is doubled, ____________________ is reduced by ________________. If the distance is tripled, _____________________ is reduced by ________________. If the distance is cut in half, __________________ is increased by _______________. 4 Name________________________ Physics Chapter 16 – Light A __________________________ ( ) measures _______________ __________________________ ( ) and is referred to as candle power. 1.5 ______________ = 19 lumens 1 ___________ = ______________lumens The formula for Luminous Intensity is: The _____________________units are the SI units for measuring light intensity. List all formulas for Illuminance, Luminous Flux and Luminous Intensity: 5 Name________________________ Physics Chapter 16 – Light Examples: If a 3 way bulb can produce 665, 1620, 2285 lumens respectively, and 175 lux of illumination is needed from a lamp 80 cm away, what is the minimum bulb setting? Find the illumination 4.0 m below a 405 lumen lamp. What is the luminous intensity of the light? A lamp has a Luminous flux (P) of 1000 lumens. What is the Illumination (E) on a desk 3 m away? What is the Luminous Intensity [candle power] (I) of the light? 6 Name________________________ Physics Chapter 16 – Light Light and Matter A material that transmits light and allows objects to by seen clearly is a ______________________ material. (Examples: air, glass, ____________________) A material that transmits light but does not permit objects to be seen clearly is ___________________________ material. (Examples: frosted glass, ____________________________) A material that absorbs light or reflects light is an ________________________ material. (Examples: brick, _________________________________________) By allowing white light to pass through a prism, a separation of color called ____________________________ occurs producing a visible _______________ (a rainbow effect). Draw dispersion of white light: 7 Name________________________ Physics Chapter 16 – Light Colors and Pigments When light of different colors combine ______________________________is formed. This combination is called the ________________________________________________. The colors combined are ________________________, __________________________, and _____________________________. These colors are called the _____________________________________. By adding primary colors in pairs ___________________________________ are formed. Primary Colors Secondary Colors Draw a color wheel to show the additive process. 8 Name________________________ Physics Chapter 16 – Light Colors and Pigments Objects appear a certain color because that color light (frequency) is reflected by the object, or certain colors (frequencies) are absorbed. Molecules that absorb certain wavelengths of light or reflect them are called _____________________________. Particles of colored material that absorb and reflect different wavelengths are called ________________________. The color of a dye or pigment that _______________________ one primary color is a _____________________________________. A pigment that _____________________ two primary colors is called a ____________________________________. The process is called the ________________________________________________. Identify the primary pigments and what primary color they absorb: 9 Name________________________ Physics Chapter 16 – Light Colors and Pigments Primary Pigments: ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Secondary Pigments ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Complimentary Pigments form _____________________________ (all color absorbed. Colors formed by pigments (and dyes) are done by the _______________________________________. Identify the Primary and Secondary Pigment combination to produce Black. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 10 Name________________________ Physics Chapter 16 – Light Light Properties Thin Film Properties Color formation of a soap bubble or oil film on water is the result of constructive and destructive ________________________________ of light waves as light reflects from the outer and inner surface of the film. This is called _____________________________________________________________. When film is ___________________________________ thick for a particular color of light (a specific frequency), that particular color of light is dispersed. A rainbow pattern is produced on the film based on the thickness of the film. Draw the interference pattern of thin film: 11 Name________________________ Physics Chapter 16 – Light Polarized Light Considering the light wave using a transverse model, certain orientations of the wave can be ____________________________ by certain material that prevents the wave to pass through. This material is called a _________________________ material and the process of eliminating some or all of the light intensity (glare) is called _______________________________________. Draw a diagram of the effect of the polarized material on the light wave: 12 Name________________________ Chapter 16 - Review Questions 1. What is a ray and how is a ray used to study light? What aspect of the electromagnetic wave does the ray model ignore? 2. Contrast luminous flux, luminous intensity, and illuminance. 3. What is the relationship between the illumination on a surface and the distance the light source is from the surface? 4. Why does a tomato appear red in white light? Is this an additive or subtractive process? 5. Compare a dye to a pigment (similarities and differences). 13 Name________________________ 6. How can you tell whether light is polarized? 7. A red apple is illuminated by green light. What color would the apple appear? 8. Jenny mixes magenta and green pigments. What color pigment does she get? 9. A yellow lemon is illuminated by green light. What color does the lemon appear? 10. A tie has blue spots on a yellow background. How does the ties appear when illuminated by magenta light? 14