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Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that establishes symbols that relate
humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values.[1] Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and
sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to explain the origin of life or the universe. They tend to
derive morality,ethics, religious laws or a preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the cosmos and human nature.
The four largest religious groups by population, estimated to account for between 5 and 7 billion people, are Christianity,
Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism.
Four largest
religions
Adherents
World population
6.96 billion
Christianity
% of world population and Countries.
33% – 34% ,
Latin America,
2.1 billion – 2.2 billion
USA ,Belgium,Norway, Romania,
South Africa,Ukraine, Zambia,Italy,Greece.
Islam
Afganistan,Algeria,Azerbaijan,
1.5 billion – 1.6 billion[21]
Bangladesh,Barhein,,Egypt,Gambia,Iran,Irak,Palestine
Kuwait,Libya
Buddhism
7% – 29%[22]
Japan,Thailand,Vietnam,Republic of China,
500 million – 1.9 billion[22]
Taiwan,Laos,Singapur(68%)
Hinduism
15.2% – 16.2%.
1.0 billion – 1.1 billion
India,South Asia.
5.1 billion – 6.8 billion[22]
Total
Christianity

77% – 99%[22]
Christianity teaches that Jesus is
the Son of God, God having
become human and the saviour of
humanity. Because of this,
Christians commonly refer
to Jesus as Christ or Messiah.[4] Th
e three largest groups in the world
of Christianity are the Roman
Catholic Church, the Eastern
Orthodox churches, and the
various denominations
of Protestantism. The Roman
Catholic and Eastern
orthodox patriarchates split from
one another in the East–West
Schism of 1054 AD, and
Protestantism came into existence
during the Protestant
Reformation of the 16th century,
splitting from the Roman Catholic
Church.[5]
A. Catholic Church, headed by the Pope in Rome, is a communion of the Western church and 22 Eastern
Catholic churches. B. Protestantism, separated from the Catholic Church in the 16thcentury Reformation and split in many denominations,C. Eastern Christianity which include Eastern
Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy and the Church of the East.
There are other smaller groups, such as Jehovah's Witnesses and the Latter Day Saint movement, whose
inclusion in Christianity is sometimes disputed.
Christians believe that Jesus is the Messiah prophesied in the Hebrew Bible, referred to as the "Old Testament" in
Christianity. The foundation of Christian theology is expressed in the early Christian ecumenical creeds which
contain claims predominantly accepted by followers of the Christian faith.[14] These professions state that Jesus
suffered, died, was buried, and was resurrected from the dead to open heaven to those who believe in him and
trust him for the remission of their sins (salvation).[15] They further maintain that Jesus bodily ascended into heaven
where he rules and reigns with God the Father. Most denominations teach that Jesus will return to judge all
humans, living and dead, and grant eternal life to his followers.[16] He is considered the model of a virtuous life, and
both the revealer and physical incarnation of God.[17] Christians call the message of Jesus Christ the
Gospel ("good news") and hence refer to the earliest written accounts of his ministry as gospels.
As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.2 billion adherents.[18][19][20]Christianity represents
about a quarter to a third of the world's population and is the world's largest religion.
Judaism
Is the oldest Abrahamic religion,
originating in the people of ancient
Torah is the name given by Jews
to the first five books of the bible Genesis ("In the
beginning"), Exodus "These are
the names"), Leviticus ( "And he
called"), Numbers ("In the
wilderness") and Deuteronomy
( "These are the words")
The Talmud ("instruction,
learning", from a root lmd "teach,
study") is a central text of
Israel and Judea. Judaism is based
primarily on the Torah, a text which
some Jews believe was handed
down to the people of Israel through
the prophet Moses in 1,400 BCE.
This along with the rest of
the Hebrew Bible and
the Talmud are the central texts of
Judaism. The Jewish people were
scattered after the destruction of
the Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE.
Today there are about 13 million
Jews, about 40 per cent living in
Israel and 40 per cent in the United
States.[23]
mainstream Judaism. It takes the
form of a record
of rabbinic discussions pertaining
to Jewish law, ethics, philosophy,
customs and history.
means "great one" or one who is
"abundant/much/many".
In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher
of Torah. This title derives from
the Hebrew meaning "My Master ",
which is the way a student would
address a master of Torah. This
word "master" ‫ רב‬rav [ˈʁäv] literally
Islam

Islam refers to the religion
taught by the Islamic
prophet Muhammad, a major
political and religious figure of
the 7th century CE. Islam is the
dominant religion of northern
Africa, the Middle East, and
South Asia. As with
Christianity, there is no single
orthodoxy in Islam but a
multitude of traditions which
are generally categorized
as Sunni and Shia, although
there are other minor groups as
well.Wahhabi is the dominant
Muslim schools of thought in
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
There are also several Islamic
republics, including Iran, which
is run by a Shia Supreme
Leader.
Muhammad 26 April 570 – 8 June
632, Mohammed sometimes
called Muhammad ibn Abdullah,[n
4]
was the founder[n 5] of
the religion of Islam,[2] and is
considered by Muslims to be
a messenger and prophet of God,
the last law-bearer in a series of
Islamic prophets, and, by most
Muslims,[n 6] the last prophet of God
as taught by the Quran.[3]Muslims
thus consider him the restorer of an
uncorrupted
original monotheistic faith (islām) of
Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jes
us and other prophets.[4][5][6] He was
also active as a social
reformer, diplomat, merchant, philo
sopher, orator, legislator, military
leader, humanitarian,philanthropist,
and, according to Muslim belief, an
agent of divine action.
Born in 570 in the Arabian city of Mecca,[8][9] he was orphaned at an early age and brought up under the care of his
uncle Abu Talib. He later worked mostly as a merchant, as well as a shepherd, and was first married by age
25.[10] Discontented with life in Mecca, he retreated to a cave in the surrounding mountains for meditation and
reflection. According to Islamic beliefs it was here, at age 40[8][11], in the month of Ramadan, where he received his
first revelation from God. Three years after this event Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly,
proclaiming that "God is One", that complete "surrender" to Him (lit. islām) is the only way (dīn)[n 7] acceptable to
God, and that he himself was a prophet and messenger of God, in the same vein as other Islamic prophets
The Quran meaning "the recitation"), also transliterated Qur'an, Koran, Alcoran, Qur’ān, Coran,Kuran, and alQur’ān, is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of
God[1] (Arabic: ‫ هللا‬, Allah). It is regarded widely as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language The Quran
is divided into 114 suras of unequal length which are classified either as Meccan or Medinan depending upon their
place and time of revelation
Islamic tradition holds that God sent messengers to every nation.[3] Muslims believe that God finally sent
Muhammad to transmit the message of the Qur'an, the holy book which, according to Islam, is universal in its
message. The reason the Muslims believe the Qur'an is universal and will remain uncorrupted is because they
believe that previous Islamic holy books, namely the Torah given to Moses; the Psalms given to David; and
the Gospel given to Jesus, were for a particular time and community and because they believe that, even if the
books were corrupted, many prophets were still to come who could tell the people of what was correct in the
scripture and warn them of corruptions. Muhammad therefore, being the last prophet, was vouchsafed a book
which, in Muslim belief, will remain in its true form till the Last Day.
Buddhism
Buddhism is
a religion and philosophy
encompassing a variety of
traditions, beliefs and practices,
largely based on teachings
attributed to Siddhartha Gautama,
commonly known as the Buddha
"the awakened one"). The Buddha
lived and taught in the
northeastern Indian subcontinent
some time between the 6th and
4th centuries BCE.[1] He is
recognized by Buddhists as
an awakened or enlightened
teacher who shared his insights to
help sentient beings end ignorance
of dependent origination, thus
escaping what is seen as a cycle
of suffering and rebirth.
Sentient beings is a technical term in Buddhist discourse. Broadly speaking, it denotes beings with
consciousness or sentience or, in some contexts, life itself.[1] Specifically, it denotes the presence of the five
aggregates, or skandhas.
Buddhist doctrine describes five aggregates or skandhas.
1. "form" or "matter"[4] external and internal matter. Externally is the physical world. the material body and
the physical sense organs.[5]
2. "sensation" or "feeling"¨sensing an object as either pleasant or unpleasant or neutral.
3. "perception", "conception", "apperception", "cognition", or "discrimination"
registers whether an object is recognized or not (for instance, the sound of a bell or the shape of a tree).
4. "mental formations", "impulses", "volition", or "compositional factors" all types of mental habits,
thoughts, ideas, opinions, prejudices, compulsions, and decisions triggered by an object.
5. "consciousness" or "discernment"
Sentient beings is a term used to designate the totality of living, conscious beings that constitute the object and
audience of Buddhist teaching. sentient beings conventionally refers to the mass of living things subject to illusion,
suffering, and rebirth.
Hinduism
of view, rather than a rigid
common set of beliefs.
Hinduism is formed of diverse
traditions and has no single
founder. Hinduism is often called
the "oldest living religion"[12] or the
"oldest living major religion" in the
world.
Hinduism includes a wide
spectrum of laws and prescriptions
of "daily morality" based on the
notion of karma, dharma, and
societal norms.[9] Hinduism is a
conglomeration of distinct
intellectual or philosophical points
Karma in Indian religions is the
concept of "action" or
"deed"(Human
Activity),understood as that which
causes the entire cycle of cause
and effect.
Dharma means Law or Natural
Law (as in the natural order of
things) and is a concept of central
importance in Hindu
philosophy and religion. In the
context of Hinduism, it refers to
one's personal
obligations, calling and
duties,[1] and a Hindu's dharma is
affected by the person's age,
caste, class, occupation, and
gender.[2] In modern Indian
languages it can refer simply to a
person's religion, depending on the
context.
The idea of dharma as duty or propriety derives from an idea found in India's ancient legal and religious texts that
there is a divinely instituted natural order of things and justice, social harmony and human happiness require that
human beings discern and live in a manner appropriate to the requirements of that order.
About Dharma the concept of a "power" that is held to lie behind nature and that keeps everything in balance
became a natural forerunner to the idea of Dharma.
Discussion : Make 3 Information questions about each religion , (
When,What,Who,Where,How,Which)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Religion
Belief description
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
Hinduism
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Differences between Cristianity