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UNIT 6: PERIODICITY THE FOREST: Repeating (periodic) patterns of physical and chemical properties occur among elements that define families with similar properties. The periodic table displays the repeating patterns, which are related to the atoms’ outermost electrons. THE TREES: Describe the locations in the periodic table and the general properties of the alkali metals, the alkaline earth metals, the halogens, and the noble gases. Use the periodic table to predict the electron configurations of elements. Give examples of the relationship between an element’s electron configuration and its placement on the periodic table. Predict the chemical stability of atoms using the octet rule. Describe the relationship between electrons in sublevels and the length of each period in the periodic table. Locate and name the four blocks of the periodic table. Explain the reasons for these names. Define atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity. Compare the periodic trends of atomic radii, ionization energy, and electronegativity and state the reasons for these variations. Define valence electrons, and state how many are present in atoms of each maingroup element. MA STATE FRAMEWORKS: 3.1 Explain the relationship of an element’s position on the periodic table to its atomic number. Identify families (groups) and periods on the periodic table. 3.2 Use the periodic table to identify the three classes of elements: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. 3.3 Relate the position of an element on the periodic table to its electron configuration and compare its reactivity to the reactivity of other elements in the table. 3.4 Identify trends on the periodic table (ionization energy, electronegativity, and relative sizes of atoms and ions). IMPORTANT VOCABULARY Actinide Alkali metal Alkaline-earth metal Anion Atomic radius Cation Electron affinity Electronegativity Family Group Halogen Ion Ionic radius Ionization energy Lanthanide Main group (block) element Metal Metalloid Nonmetal Period Periodic law Shielding effect Transition element STUDY GUIDE CONTENT: Vocabulary definitions Direction of trends (atomic and ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity) Explanation of trends NON-MATH SKILLS: Predicting trends (atomic and ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity) among a list of elements MATH SKILLS (N/A)