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SBI 3C General Structure of a Cell Cells are the basic ____________________ and _______________ units of life. Cells are bathed in an aqueous solution called ______________________ _________________. There are many different kinds of cells, which are _____________________ to carry out particular functions. In spite of this, cells have many common features. Cell Part Plant, Animal, or both Function cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm ribosomes smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplamic reticulum Golgi apparatus lysosomes mitochondria chloroplast vacuole DNA/chromatin/chromosomes nucleus nuclear membrane nuclear membrane nucleolus Organelles and Digestion There are several organelles involved in the process of _______________________. Some vesicles formed in the ____________ __________________ are called __________________. Lysosomes are found only in animal cells. Lysosomes contain special proteins called ___________________ which help them ______________ food by breaking it down into its building blocks. Food particles brought into the cell (through the _______ _____________________) from extracellular fluid may be digested this way. Potentially harmful microorganisms, such as __________________ and _____________ can force themselves into a cell. ________________ can digest the harmful organisms so the cell is _________ harmed. When an animal cell gets old, lysosomes break ____________ and _________________ the entire cell. The organism then uses the resulting compounds to ____________ new cells. Organelles and Cellular Respiration There is _________ main organelle involved in the process of cellular ___________________. Many important chemical reactions occur in the ____________________. These reactions contribute to cellular respiration, a series of chemical changes that produce compounds that cells use as a source of _____________. Cells that require ______________ amounts of energy, such as _____________ cells in animals and ____________ tip cells in plants, usually contain large numbers of ___________________. Cells that do not require large amounts of energy, such as most fat cells in animals and leaf cells in plants, have smaller numbers of mitochondria. Organelles and Protein Synthesis There are several organelles involved in the process of ______________ synthesis. ___________________ are organelles used by the cell to produce proteins (protein synthesis). Ribosomes are either floating in the _________________ or attached to ____________________ (ER). Free-floating ribosomes produce proteins that are used inside the cell, and membrane-attached ribosomes __________________ proteins for use outside the cell. Ribosomes are so __________ that they appear as small fuzzy dots under the microscope. The ___________________ ___________________ is a complicated system of membranous _______________ and canals that connect with the nuclear _____________________. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: ____________ endoplasmic reticulum (RER), containing ________________ ribosomes, and ______________ endoplasmic reticulum (SER), with ______ ribosomes. Because the RER contains ribosomes, many ____________ are manufactured in it. Homework • page 15 # 2, 3, 4, 6
