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Virus/Bacteria Test Study Guide 1. What makes up a virus? ___________________________________ 2. What surrounds the outside of a virus? ____________ What is it made out of? ____________ 3. Is a virus considered a living organism?______ 4. What does a virus need to reproduce? ________ 5. Who was the 1st person to isolate a virus? __________ Name the virus: ________________ 5. Are all viruses the same size? ______ Do viruses contain DNA and/or RNA? _____ Can you easily see viruses with a light microscope? _____ 6. Name the 2 types of viral infection cycles. ___________ and ___________ 7. Both types of viral infection cycles end how? _________________________ Which cycle does it first? ____________ 8. List in order the 5 stages of the lytic cycle ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ 9. List in order the 3 main stages of the lysogenic cycle ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ 10. Viruses that infect bacteria are called ________________. 11. What are some examples of viruses? _____________________________________________ 12. Viruses cause disease by affecting an organism’s _____________. 13. How do you prevent viral infection? ___________ What is it made out of? ________________ 14. Are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes? ________________ 15. When bacteria can make their own food they are called ___________ 16. When bacteria cannot make their own food they are called _____________. 17. Bacteria that require oxygen are called _____________________. 18. Bacteria that cannot live in the presence of oxygen are called ________________________. 19. Bacteria that can live with or without oxygen are called ______________________________. 20. An ___________ allows species of bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions. 21. What are some examples of Archaebacteria? _______________________________________ 22. Where do archaebacteria live? __________________ 23. Draw the structure of a bacterial cell. 24. Name and draw the three shapes of bacteria. ____________, ___________, and __________ 25. Name 3 ways scientists use to identify bacteria. ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ 26. How do photoautotrophs get energy? __________ How do chemoautotrophs? ____________ 27. Why do we gram stain prokaryotic cells? ______________________________________What bacteria can we do this on? ______________________ 28. What do bacteria do for the environment? ___________________________________________________________________________ 29. How are bacteria recyclers for our environment? ____________________________________ 30. _______________ break down nutrients in dead matter which will be recycled by plants. They are sometimes called _________________. 31. How do humans use bacteria? ___________________________________________________________________________ 32. When bacteria cause disease, they are called ______________. 33. Bacteria cause disease by releasing _____________. 34. How do you treat a bacterial infection? _____________ Can you use it to treat a virus? ____ 35. Who discovered Penicillin? ____________________ 36. ____________________ converts nitrogen to a usable form for plants. 37. Exposing bacteria to high heat and/or chemicals to kill them is called ________________ 38. Which is the oldest organism on earth, bacteria or viruses? ____________ 39. Who did all the other organisms on earth evolve from, bacteria or viruses? ____________ 40. Are bacteria bigger or smaller than viruses? _____________ 41. How do bacterial cells reproduce asexually? ___________ sexually? ____________ 42. Getting energy from the breakdown of inorganic substances is called _______________. 43. Name and draw the 3 types of bacterial growth patterns. _______________________, ______________________, and _______________________