Download 2013 VIrus and Bacteria Review

Bacteria & Virus Study Guide
Name____________________
1. What were the earliest known living organisms? How old are they?
2. Name the 4 characteristics that are used to classify bacteria.
3. Name two structures found around the outside of ALL bacterial cells.
What chemical makes up the cell wall of Eubacteria?
4. What is the shape of these bacteria --- coccus, spirilla, & bacillus?
What do the prefixes diplo,strepto and staphylo mean?
5. What is the only organelle found in the cytoplasm of bacteria?
6. Bacteria have how many chromosomes? What shape does it have?
7. Other than the cell membrane, name one thing that bacteria and
eukaryotes have in common.
8. What is a pathogen?
9. Define a methanogen, a halophile and a thermophile.
10. Viruses are only active when?
11. What can some bacteria form to survive harsh environmental
conditions?
12. What two things make up a virus?
13. What color do Gram + bacteria stain? Gram -?
14. Why are bacteria considered prokaryotes?
15. Give 3 reasons viruses are considered nonliving.
16. What is the protective protein coat of a virus called?
17. Is Gram positive of Gram Negative Bacteria more virulent?.
18. Do viruses have cellular parts?
19. Which are smaller, a bacterial cell or A VIRUS?
20. What is an obligate aerobe bacteria? Obligate anaerobe? Facultative
anaerobe?
21. What virus did Beijerinck study & what plant did it attack?
22. Sketch and label a typical Bacteriophage virus
23. Sketch and label a typical Bacteria?
24. What type of infections are antibiotics used to treat?
25. What do you call viruses with the enzyme reverse transcriptase?
26. What is a virion?
27. Who created the vaccine for smallpox?.
28. When a bacteriophage attacks a bacterium, what is injected into the
cell? What structure remains outside the cell?
29. In what viral life cycle does viral DNA become integrated into the
host cell's DNA for an extended period of time? What is the new DNA
called?
30.What is Gram Staining used for?
31. Viruses know which host cell to attack because of ___________ on
the surface of the host cell.
32. Define binary fission and conjugation?
33. What structures are used by some bacteria for movement?
34. List the 5 steps of a Viral Lytic Cycle infection and briefly describe
them.
35. What are prions made of?