Download Name - Humble ISD

1
Name: ________________________________________
Period: _______ Date: _________
Anatomy Test # 3 Review
Tissues, Body Systems, and Levels of Organization
1. NERVOUS
This tissue is the main communication tissue of the body
2. CONNECTIVE
This tissue functions to connect different parts of the body together and include the blood,
bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
3. EPITHELIA
This tissue that functions in absorption (linings), secretions (glands), and protection (coverings)
4. ENDOCRINE
The main structures of this body system include the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, ovaries, and
testes
5. EXCRETORY
The main structures of this body system include the skin, lungs, kidneys, bladder, ureters, and
urethra
6. SKELETAL
The main structures of this body system include the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
7. NERVOUS
The main structures of this body system include the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
8. CIRCULATORY
The main structures of this body system include the heart, blood vessels, and blood
9. DIGESTIVE
The main structures of this body system include the mouth, pharynx, stomach, intestines, liver,
pancreas, and gall bladder
10. LYMPHATIC
The main structures of this body system include lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and the
spleen
11. INTEGUMENTARY
The main structures of this body system include the skin, nails, hair
12. RESPIRATORY
The two body systems that interact when carbon dioxide gas is removed from the body by the
lungs
EXCRETORY
13. NERVOUS
The two body systems that interact when you remove your foot from a sharp object
MUSCULAR
14. CIRCULATORY
The two body systems that interact when the blood transports and delivers hormones,
to your body cells
ENDOCRINE
15. DIGESTIVE
The two body systems that interact when the stomach churns to coat the food with stomach
juices
MUSCULAR
16. NERVOUS
The body system that receives and responds to stimuli in the environment
17. CIRCULATORY
The body system that transports substances (oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, and
waste to / from the body cells
18. DIGESTIVE
The body system that produces enzymes that aid in breaking down biomolecules
19. EXCRETORY
The body system that is involved in removing waste from the body
20. RESPIRATORY
The body system that involves the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood
21. ENDOCRINE
The body system that uses hormones to relay messages to other organs in the body
Write the following structures in increasing order of complexity: tissues, organ systems, cells, and organs
22. CELLS  TISSUES  ORGANS  ORGAN SYSTEMS
2
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Axon
cerebrum
cerebellum
dendrites
medulla oblongata
motor
neurons
peripheral
sensory
23. CEREBRUM
Brain structure that is involved in thinking and reasoning
24. CEREBELLUM
Brain structure that is involved in muscle coordination and balance
25. NEURONS
Structures in the human nervous system that transmit electrochemical messages
26. PERIPHERAL
Nervous system that consists of nerves that extend away fro the spinal cord
27. MEDULA OBLONGATA
Structure in the human nervous system that controls involuntary responses such as heart rate,
breathing rate, and digestion
28. SENSORY
Neurons that are associated with the sense organs
29. MOTOR
Neurons that lead to muscle responses
30. DENDRITES
Structure on a nerve cell that is responsible for bringing information to the nerve cell body
31. AXON
Structure on a nerve cell that relays information away from the nerve cell body
Match the structure to its function.
Axon
Dendrites
Nucleus
Axon terminals
Nerve cell body
32. AXON TERMINALS
Direct nerve impulses to the next neuron
33. NODES
Gaps along the axon
34. AXON
Carries impulses away from cell body
35. NERVE CELL BODY
Nerve cell body; contains nucleus
36. NUCLEUS
Nucleus of nerve cell body
37. DENDRITES
Collect impulses from other neurons & brings information to nerve cell
Node
37
36
32
35
34
33
38. Multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disease that destroys nerve cells. Explain how this disease can lead to paralysis.
The myelin sheath is attacked by the immune system and is destroyed. This will slow the transmission of nerve impulses to
the brain. The brain controls muscle action, both voluntary and involuntary.
39. Your 3 year old brother threatens to hold his breath unless you let him have the candy that he want. Will this be harmful to your
brother? Explain. The medulla senses the CO2 content in the blood and will cause a response from the respiratory system
causing the child to inhale. (We did this in class.)
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Match the hormone to its function.
Antidiruetic hormone
Estrogen
Adrenaline
Growth hormone
Thyroxine
Insulin
Glucagon
Progestrone
Testerone
40. ANTIDIRURETIC HORMONE
Causes the kidneys to reabsorb water
41. GLYCOGON
Causes the liver to convert glycogen into glucose
42. INSULIN
Causes most of the body’s cells to take in glucose; released by pancreas
43. ESTROGEN
Female hormone; promotes breast development, fat distribution, and maturation of
reproductive organs
44. PROGESTERONE
Female hormone; causes uterine lining to thicken in preparation for pregnancy
45. ADRENALINE
Increases heart rate and opens (dilates) bronchioles in lungs
46. THYROXINE
Maintains metabolism by regulating the rate that oxygen is used by cells
47. TESTERONE
Male hormone; causes enlargement of the larynx and growth and development of male
reproductive structures
48. GROWTH HORMONE
Stimulates the growth of bones, muscles, and organs
3
DIGESTIVE and EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Carbohydrates
chemical epiglottis
esophagus
mechanical
peristalsis
small intestines
trachea
villi
49. VILLI
structures that increase the surface area of the small intestine for nutrient digestion and nutrient
absorption
50. TRACHEA
tube that transports air from the nasal passages and mouth to the lungs
51. ESOPHAGUS
tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach
52. PERISTALSIS
wave-like, involuntary muscle contractions that push food through the digestive tract
53. MECHANICAL
type of digestion that involves physically breaking food into smaller pieces or mixing digestive
juices around food; does not chemically alter the food
54. CHEMICAL
type of digestion that involves breaking macromolecules into smaller molecules by using
digestive enzymes
55. EPIGLOTTIS
structure that closes over the trachea to prevent food from entering the trachea when swallowing
56. CARBOHYDRATES
foods such as bread and other starchy foods; their chemical digestion begins in the mouth
57. SMALL INTESTINES
organ in which 90% of nutrient digestion occurs
58. SMALL INTESTINES
organ in which 90% of nutrient absorption occurs
59. Describe the muscles that make up the digestive tract. Are they voluntary or involuntary? The digestive tract is lines with
smooth muscle which is under involuntary control. Food is moved through the digestive system by wave-like muscle
contractions called peristalsis
Label the diagram of the excretory system.
60. KIDNEY
60
61
61. URETER
62. URINARY BLADDER
62
63. URETHRA
63
64. What would happen if a one of the ureters became blocked? This person would have a hard time passing urine to the
urinary bladder; this person would have limited urine storage
65. How does the excretory system respond when an animal is thirsty and there is no water in the environment? The excretory
system responds by conserving more water and reducing urine output
66. What is the relationship between the kidneys and liver to the circulatory system? Both the kidneys and the liver remove waste
from the blood.
4
OTHER BODY SYSTEMS
Arteries
alveoli
capillaries
left ventricle
lymph vessels
pulmonary veins
veins
67. PULMONARY VEINS
structure that transports oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart
68. PULMONARY VEINS
structures that returns blood to the heart through the left atrium
69. LEFT VENTRICLE
when the left atrium contracts, blood is pumped into this structure
70. LYMPH VESSELS
structures that transport lymph back to the circulatory system
71. VEINS
transport blood back to the heart
72. ARTERIES
transport blood away from the heart
73. CAPILLARIES
tiny hair-like blood vessels that transport blood to the tissue beds
74. ALVEOLI
structure in which gas is exchanged in the lungs
75. Describe the structure of the human heart. The human heat contains four chambers. There are two upper chambers (right
and left) called atria and two lower chambers called ventricles (right and left). The chambers keep oxygen rich and
oxygen poor blood separated.
76. Why does the human skeleton have joints? Joints are places where tow bones meet. In the human skeleton, joints aid in
movement by allowing bones to interact with each other
77. What is the purpose of cartilage in the human skeleton? Where is cartilage found? The fetal skeleton starts out as
cartilage which makes the embryo very flexible. Early in embryonic development, calcium and magnesium are
deposited into the cartilage causing ossification. Cartilage is found at the ends of bones and keeps them from
grinding together. The outer ear and the tip of the nose are made of cartilage.
78. What are the four signs of skin cancer? A mole that is asymmetrical in shape, has an irregular border, has varied
coloration, and has a diameter of 6 mm or greater should be checked for cancer.