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SPACE EXPLORATION REVIEW QUESTIONS ***There is a planetary data table attached to the back if you need it.** Use this diagram to answer the next question. 1. This triangulation diagram was drawn to determine the distance from one end of a school yard to the next. The baseline was measured outside as 50 m. The distance of the school yard would be A. B. C. D. 150 m 300 m 900 m 9000 m 2. In the debate over whether to explore space and utilize the resources found there, ethical questions arise. Which of the following best illustrates an ethical issue? A. B. C. D. Who gets the money from space materials? Is it morally right or wrong to explore space? Which country should get to claim space as their property? Who should clean up any space junk left in space? 3. High (geosynchronous) orbit satellites are used for ____________ while low orbit satellites move over different regions and are used for _____________. A. B. C. D. observing other galaxies, GPS geological surveys, repairing the Hubble monitoring weather, environmental surveys retrieving other satellites, communications 1 4. You observe a bright star in the night sky and want to tell a friend where to look for it. You tell them to look due west and up at a 35° angle from the horizon. The directions you gave were, respectively, A. B. C. D. longitude and latitude altitude and azimuth azimuth and altitude latitude and longitude Use this diagram to answer the following question. Luminosity 5. Referring to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, which of the following best describes a blue coloured star? A. B. C. D. W X Y Z Numerical Response 1 Both reflecting and refracting telescopes have different ways of focusing light, but share some common components. The list below shows the main components of telescopes. Write a “1” beside the component if it is used in a refracting telescope, a “2” beside a component used in a reflecting telescope, and a “3” if the component is used in both types. _____ _____ _____ _____ secondary mirror primary light-gathering lens primary light-gathering mirror eyepiece lens 2 Use this diagram to answer the following question. 6. By observing the spectra, you can infer that A. B. C. D. the star is moving toward earth the star is staying stationary the star is moving away from earth the star is moving toward the east 7. According to the planetary data table, the planet with the longest day would be A. B. C. D. Mars Venus Earth Jupiter Use this diagram to answer the following question. 8. When calculating triangulation with a scale drawing, what is the name for line X? A. B. C. D. home line baseline reference line scale line 3 9. Students around the country have participated in an experiment where they planted tomato seeds that have traveled to space and compared their growth rate to seeds that have not been in space. In this experiment, the responding and controlled variables would be, respectively, A. B. C. D. exposure to space, amount of water used rate of growth, amount of light used type of tomato, amount of fertilizer used time spent in space, size of pot Numerical Response 2 The following words relate to objects from space that sometimes come into the Earth’s gravitational field. Order them from nearest to Earth (1) to furthest from Earth (4). __________ __________ __________ __________ meteor comet meteorite meteoroid Use this diagram to answer the following question. 10. If you were observing star “X” instead of the Parallax star that is being illustrated, you would expect the view between June and December to be A. B. C. D. about the same reversed less shifted more shifted 4 11. Global positioning systems (GPS) are now commonly used by people on Earth. For this system to operate properly, there must be __________ orbiting satellites with _________ above the horizon at any given time. A. 24, 7 B. 24, 3 C. 12, 6 D. 12, 3 12. According to the planetary data table, the planet with the longest year is A. Mars B. Saturn C. Jupiter D. Mercury 13. This diagram represents pins in a Styrofoam board. By placing a string loop around the pins and extending it to its full length with a pencil, an orbit can be drawn. The most elliptical orbit would be created in diagram A. B. C. D. 1 2 3 4 14. The azimuth of this star would be at _______ and the altitude would be at ________. A. B. C. D. 40°, 35° 200°, 90° 290°, 45° 340°, 25° 5 Numerical Response 3 The following statements relate to solar and lunar eclipses. Write a “1” in the space if the statement relates to a solar eclipse. Write a “2” if it relates to a lunar eclipse. _____ _____ _____ _____ Moon passes between the earth and the sun Only occurs during a new moon Earth passes between the moon and the sun Only seen from a small region on Earth 15. As you observe a constellation for several hours one night, you notice that its position changes. What causes this apparent change in position? A. B. C. D. rotation of the earth revolution of the earth shift in the celestial sphere Earth’s axis pointing to the North Star 16. What is the only other body in the solar system to have been physically explored by humans? A. Mars B. Venus C. Moon D. Saturn 17. Which of the following graphs represents the relationship between the distance of a planet from the sun and its period of revolution? 6 18. According to the planetary data table, the planet approximately five times as far from the sun as Earth would be A. Venus B. Mars C. Jupiter D. Saturn 19. A star’s visible light spectrum can be used to determine all of the following except A. its temperature B. its relative motion C. its composition D. its diameter Use this diagram to answer the next question. 20. In these diagrams, X would represent ____ and Y would represent _____. A. B. C. D. Solar eclipse positions, lunar eclipse positions lunar eclipse positions, solar eclipse positions summer, winter winter, summer Numerical Response 4 A star’s life cycle contains a series of very specific stages. Four of these stages are shown below. From its beginning (1) to its end (4), place each stage in its correct order. __________ __________ __________ __________ protostar white dwarf red giant 7 stable star Use this diagram to answer the next question. 21. This triangle was drawn as a triangulation to determine the distance to a tree across a river. The baseline was measured as 800 m and then angles carefully determined from each end to the tree. The scale drawing was made based on these measurements. The actual distance to the tree would be A. 7 m B. 70 m C. 700 m D. 7000 m 22. Which of the following would best describe a white dwarf star? A. hot and bright B. cool and bright C. hot and dim D. cool and dim Use this diagram to answer the next question. 23. This diagram shows how you would use ________________ to determine the relative ___________ of stars. A. spectral analysis, size B. doppler analysis, motion C. parallax, distance D. triangulation, scale 8 10µ 24. The spectral pattern of several stars are shown to the right. By comparing, you can tell that the star contains A. B. C. D. 40µ Helium 10µ carbon and helium carbon and hydrogen hydrogen and helium all three elements 40µ Carbon 10µ 40µ Hydrogen 10µ 40µ Unknown 25. Which of the following statements is false? A. B. C. D. The Milky Way is larger than the solar system. The solar system is larger than the asteroid belt. Jupiter is smaller than Saturn. A nebula is larger than a star. Use this diagram to answer the next numerical response question. Numerical Response 5 Match the number with the corresponding name. ____________ magnifying lens ____________ ______________ secondary mirror primary mirror 9 ____________ aperature 26. Bryce tells his brother Paul that a comet is supposed to be visible this evening. He directs Paul to look 20° above the horizon, toward the southwest. Paul should look at an azimuth of _________ and an altitude of __________. A. 20, 220 B. 120, 20 C. 20, 120 D. 220, 20 27. The primary reason for placing the Hubble telescope in orbit was to A. B. C. D. minimize the distortion caused by atmospheric interference have it closer to the sun in order to make the solar cells more efficient get it as close as possible to celestial objects use microgravity to reduce friction to the parts 28. This diagram shows how relative distances of stars can be determined using the apparent shift called parallax. If you look at a star in September and you wanted to find the distance to a star using parallax, when would you take the next measurement? A. B. C. D. the following September the following January the following March the following July 29. Which of the following statements about Saturn is correct according to the planetary data table? A. B. C. D. Saturn spins more slowly than Earth Saturn has less natural satellites than Jupiter Saturn has a longer year than Mars Saturn’s density is about the same as Neptune Numerical Response 6 List the following celestial objects in order from smallest (1) to largest (4). ___________ ____________ ___________ ____________ Earth’s moon Milky Way Saturn Solar System Galaxy 10 30. If an object showing shift due to parallax is moved closer to the observer, the amount of shift will A. B. C. D. increase decrease remain the same depends on the size of the object Use this spectrum to answer the next question. STAR A 40µ(blue) 10µ (red) STAR B 40µ(blue) 10µ (red) YEAR 2002 2012 31. These spectral patterns were observed for two different stars, tens year apart. Star “A” is A. B. C. D. moving slower than star B and moving toward Earth moving slower than star B and moving away from Earth moving faster than star B and moving toward Earth moving faster than star B and moving away from Earth 32. Microgravity is one of the major concerns when spending long periods of time in space, as residents of the International Space Station must do. All of the following could be done to compensate for microgravity except A. B. C. D. regular cardio workouts spending time behind a protective lead shield eating less taking extra calcium 33. All of the following would be examples of spin-off technology except A. B. C. D. polarizing sun glasses GPS Radio MRIs 11 34. Medicine circles in southern Alberta were built by ancient indigenous people in order to A. B. C. D. ward off evil spirits from the sky explain the nightly procession of constellations in the sky predict occurrences of solar and lunar eclipses for times of worship predict the time of solstices and equinoxes for planting crops Use this diagram to answer the next question. Hydrogen Helium Calcium Sodium Unknown 35. The above diagram represents the spectral patterns of several known elements and an unknown star. This star would have which of the following elements? A. B. C. D. hydrogen and sodium helium and calcium calcium and sodium hydrogen and calcium Numerical Response 7 For the following planets, write a “1” in the space if it is gaseous and a “2” if it is terrestrial. _________ ________ _________ _________ Mercury Saturn Uranus Earth 12 Use this diagam to answer the next question. 36. According to this diagram, our Sun would belong to what spectral class? A. B. C. D. Spectral class B Spectral class F Spectral class K Spectral class M 13 PLANETARY DATA TABLE Planet Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Mean Distance from Sun(A.U.) .087 0.723 1.000 1.524 5.203 9.539 19.182 30.058 Orbital Period or Revolution 0.24 0.62 1 1.88 11.86 29.46 84.01 164.79 Mass in terms of the Earth 0.055 0.814 1 0.11 317.9 95.2 14.6 17.2 Equatorial Radius (km) 2439 6056 6378 3394 71,400 60,000 25,900 24,550 Density (g/cm3) 5.4 5.26 5.52 3.89 1.31 0.71 1.19 1.66 Surface gravity 0.39 0.86 1 0.40 2.33 0.92 0.85 1.12 Rotation* Period CCW 59 CW 243 CCW 1 CCW 1.03 CCW 0.4 CCW 0.44 CW .85– 1.1 CCW .63 .83? Inclination of Rotation Axis 0 17.9 23.5 25 3.1 26.7 97.9 28.8 Avg. surface temp (C) 180 460 14 -50 -150 -180 -210 -220 Rings No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes # of Moons 0 0 1 2 9+ 18+ 21+ 8 Most Abundant Atmospheric Gases None CO2 N2,O2 CO2 H2, He H2, He (?) H2, He (?) H2, He CCW – counterclockwise CW - clockwise 14