Download MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT

THE SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FOREARM.
INTERMEDIATE COMPARTMENT
It can sometimes be classed as a
superficial muscle, but in most
cadavers it lies between the deep
and superficial muscle layers.
The muscle is a good anatomical
landmark in the forearm – the median
nerve and ulnar artery pass between
its two heads, and then travel
posteriorly.
Attachments: It has two heads – one
originates from the medial
epicondyle of the humerus, the other
from the radius from oblique line on
the anterior surface of the radial
shaft.
Insertion:The muscle splits into four
tendons at the wrist, which travel
through the carpal tunnel behind
the flexor retinaculum, and attache
to the middle phalanges of the four
fingers.
On reaching the proximal phalanges
each tendon split into two slips
,these two then unite and the
tendon finally divideds again into
two slips which are inserted into
the sides of the middle phalanx
.the corresponding tendon of the
flexor digitorum profundus pass
through the division of each
superficialis tendon and is inserted
into the base of the distal phalanx.
Actions: Flexes the
metacarpophalangeal joints and
proximal interphalangeal joints at
the 4 fingers, and flexes at the
wrist.
Innervation: Median nerve.
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT -DEEP GROUP
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT -DEEP
GROUPFLEXOR
POLLICIS LONGUS
O:from the middle of the
anterior surface of the
shaft of the radius and
from the adjoining part
of the interosseous
membrane.
I:the tendon pass behind
the flexor retinaculum
and inserted into the
base of the distal
phalanx of the thumb.
FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS
N:anterior
interosseous
branch of the
median N.
A:flexion of the
distal phalanx of
the thumb.
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT -DEEP GROUP
FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS
O:from the three-fourths of the anterior
and medial surfaces of the shaft of
the ulna and from the adjoining part
of the interosseous membrane.
I:above the wrist,the muscle divides
into four tendons which pass behind
flexor digitorum superficialis
andflexor retinculum, each tendon
passes through a division in the
corresponding tendonof the
superficialis muscule and is inserted
into the base of the distal phalanx.
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT DEEP GROUPFLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS
N:the ulnar N supplies the medial
half of the M going to the little
and ring fingers)
the anterior interosseous
branch of the median N.
supplies the lateral half of the M
going to the index and middle
fingers).
A:flexion of the distal phalanx of
the fingers and assist in flexion
of the middle and proximal
phalanges .also assist in flexion
of the wrist.
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT –
DEEP GROUP PRONATER QUADRATUS
O:from the lower
quarter of the
anterior surface of
the shaft of the ulna.
I:lower quarter of the
anterior surface of
the shaft of the
radius.
N: the anterior
interosseous branch
of the median N.
A:pronation of the
forearm .
ARTERIES OF THE
ANTERIOR FASCIAL
COMPARTMENT.
ARTERIES OF THE ANTERIOR
FASCIAL COMPARTMENT.
ARTERIES OF THE ANTERIOR FASCIAL
COMPARTMENT. THE RADIAL ARTERY
The radial artery, one of the
terminal branches of the
brachial artery, arises in the
cubial fossa and passes
downward and laterally
overlapped by the
brachioradialis muscle.
Observe that in the lower half
of the forearm the radial
artery emerges on the
medial side of the
brachioradialis tendon and
then lies on the lateral side
of the tendon of the flexor
carpi radialis.
Here, the radial artery is
covered only by skin and
fascia, and it rests
posteriorly on the
anterior surface of the
distal part of the radius.
Note that in the middle
third of its course the
superficial branch of the
radial nerve lies lateral
to it.
The radial artery leaves
the forearm by winding
around the lateral
aspect of the wrist to
reach the posterior
surface of the hand.
BRANCHES OF THE RADIAL ARTERY:
1.Muscular branches
to
neighboring
muscles.
2. Recurrent branch,
which joins the
arterial
anastomosis around
the elbow joint.
3. Superficial palmar
branch, which
arises above the
wrist and enters the
palm of the hand.
ARTERIES OF THE ANTERIOR FASCIAL
COMPARTMENT . THE ULNAR ARTERY
The ulnar artery, one
of the terminal
branches of the
brachial artery,
arises in the cubital
fossa and passes
downward, deep to
the superficial
flexor muscles and
the flexor digitorum
superficialis.
BRANCHES OF THE ULNAR ARTERY
1.Muscular branches
to neighboring
muscles.
2. Recurrent
branches that join
the arterial
anastomosis around
the elbow joint.
3. Anastomotic
branches that take
part in the arterial
anastomosis around
the wrist joint.
4. The common
interosseous artery,
which arises from the
upper part of the ulnar
artery and quickly
divides into the anterior
and posterior
interosseous arteries.
The anterior interosseous
artery is small in size
and should be followed
down the anterior
surface of the
interosseous membrane
between the flexor
pollicis longus and the
flexor digitorum
profundus.
LOCATE THE TENDONS FOUND ON THE PALM OF YOUR HAND
AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE AS LAND MARK ?
Tendon flexor capi radialis?
Tendon palmaris longus?
Tendon flexor capi ulnaris?
Tendon flexor carpi radialis guide for radial artery.
Tendon palmaris longus
middle of wrist - guide for
median nerve lying deep
to it.
Tendon flexor carpi ulnaris
palpated as it crosses
wrist on medial side guide for ulnar artery and
nerve
Nerves of the
Anterior
Compartment
NERVES OF THE ANTERIOR
COMPARTMENT
NERVES OF THE ANTERIOR
COMPARTMENT MEDIAN NERVE
---The median nerve
leaves the cubital
fossa by passing
between the two
heads of pronator
teres.
---It continues
downward adherent
to the posterior
surface of the flexor
digitorum
superficialis.
----At the wrist it emerges
between the lateral
margin of the tendons
of flexor digitorum
superficialis and the
tendon of flexor carpi
radialis. Here it lies
posterior to the
palmaris longus tendon.
----The median nerve
enters the palm by
passing posterior to the
flexor retinaculum
BRANCHES OF THE MEDIAN NERVE
1. Muscular branches
in the cubital fossa
to the pronator
teres, the flexor
carpi radialis, the
palmaris longus,
and the flexor
digitorum
superficialis.
2. Articular branches
to the elbow joint.
3. Anterior interosseous
nerve, which arises as it
emerges from between
the two heads of the
pronator teres muscle.
It runs down on the
anterior surface of the
interosseous membrane.
Give branches from to
the flexor pollicis longus,
the lateral half of flexor
digitorum profundus, and
the pronator quadratus.
4. Palmar cutaneous
branch, Which passes to
the skin over the lateral
part of the palm.
NERVES OF THE ANTERIOR
COMPARTMENT .ULNAR NERVE
The ulnar nerve
enters the forearm
from behind the
medial epicondyle
of the humerus.
Note that it crosses
the medial ligament
of the elbow joint
and passes
between the two
heads of the flexor
carpi ulnaris.
.
The nerve pass
downward between the
flexor carpi ulnaris and
the flexor digitorum
profundus muscles.
At the wrist observe that
the nerve lies between
the tendons of the
flexor carpi ulnar and
the flexor digitorum
superficialis muscles.
The ulnar nerve enters
the palm lateral to the
pisiform bone, anterior
to the flexor
retinaculum.
BRANCHES OF THE ULNAR NERVE
1. Muscular
branches to the
flexor carpi
ulnaris and to the
medial half of the
flexor digitorum
profundus.
2. Articular
branches to the
elbow joint.
3. Palmar cutaneous
branch, which arises in
the middle of the
forearm and supplies the
skin over the hypothenar
eminence.
4. Dorsal branch, or
posterior cutaneous
branch, which is large
and passes medially
between the tendon of
flexor carpi ulnaris and
the ulna and is
distributed on the
posterior surface of the
hand and fingers.