Download Slavery Divides the Nation, 1820–1861 Chapter 16 Chapter 16

Slavery Divides the Nation, 1820–1861 Chapter 16
Chapter 16, Section 1
The Missouri Compromise
In 18__, there were __ free states and __ slave states. Representation in the Senate was evenly
balanced between the North and the South.
Missouri wanted to join the Union as a ________ state. That would give the South a majority in the
Senate.
Henry _______ proposed the Missouri Compromise.

Missouri would join the ________ as a ______ state.

Maine would join the Union as a _______ state.

Congress drew an imaginary line across the southern border of Missouri at latitude
_________. Slavery would be permitted in the Louisiana Purchase south of that line.
The Issue of Slavery in the West
The Founding of the Free-Soil Party
In 18__, slavery became an important election issue for the first time.

Many northern Democrats and Whigs opposed the spread of _________.

They did not speak up because they did not want to lose southern votes. Also, they
feared the slavery issue would split the nation.

In 18___, antislavery members of both parties formed the Free-Soil party. Only a few
members were abolitionists. The party’s main goal was to keep slavery out of the
western territories.
Chapter 16, Section 2
The Slavery Debate Erupts Again

In 1849, there were __ slave states and __ free states. California asked to enter the Union as a
free state.

If California entered the Union as a _____ state, the _______ would have a majority in the
Senate. The ________ feared that Oregon, Utah, and New Mexico would also soon join the
Union as free states.

Some southerners worried that they would be outvoted in the Senate. They said southern states
should _________, or remove themselves, from the United States.

Northerners said that ____________ should be allowed to enter the Union as a free state
because most of the territory lay north of the Missouri Compromise line.
The Slavery Debate Erupts Again
The Compromise of 1850
Impact of the Compromise of 1850
Provisions of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

All citizens must help catch _________ slaves.

People who let fugitives escape could be fined $_______ and jailed.

Special courts would handle cases of runaways. There would be no jury trials. Judges would
receive $__ for sending an accused runaway to the South and $__ for setting someone free.
Response to the Fugitive Slave Act

Some judges sent _________ Americans to the South whether or not they were runaways.

The act enraged _________ northerners. It made them feel as if they were part of the slave
system.

Tensions remained high because neither side got what it wanted.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin
What is Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Harriet ________ Stowe wrote a novel called Uncle ______ Cabin to show the ______ of slavery
and the injustice of the ________ Slave Act. The book tells the story of Uncle Tom, an enslaved African
American noted for his kindness and piety.
How did people react to Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Chapter 16, Section 3
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Violence Erupts in Kansas

Kansas settlers were to settle the slavery issue by __________ sovereignty. Proslavery and
antislavery settlers fought for control of _______. Abolitionists brought in settlers from New
England. Proslavery settlers also moved into Kansas, and proslavery bands from Missouri—
Border Ruffians—often rode across the border into Kansas.

In 1855, _______ held elections. Border Ruffians voted _________, helping to elect a proslavery
legislature. Antislavery settlers refused to accept the legislature and elected their own governor
and legislature. Kansas had ____ governments.

A band of proslavery men raided the town of __________, destroying homes and smashing the
press of a Free-Soil newspaper.
Violence Erupts in Kansas (continued)

Abolitionist John _______ led a band to the town of Pottawatomie Creek and killed ______
proslavery settlers there.

The killings at ____________ Creek led to more violence. Both sides engaged in guerrilla
warfare, or the use of hit-and-run tactics. Newspapers started calling the territory
“___________ Kansas.”
Violence Erupts in the Senate

Charles _________ of Massachusetts was the leading abolitionist _________. In one speech he
denounced the proslavery legislature of Kansas and viciously criticized his southern foes,
especially Senator Andrew ___________ of South Carolina.

A few days later Butler’s nephew, Congressman Preston _________, marched into the Senate
chamber and with his cane beat Sumner until he was unconscious.
The Dred Scott Case
What was the Dred Scott Case?
Dred Scott filed a __________, that is, a legal case brought to settle a dispute between people
or groups. Dred Scott had been enslaved in ___________. He moved with his owner to __________ and
then to the ___________ Territory, where slavery was not allowed. Scott with his owner returned to
Missouri. When his owner died, Scott claimed that because he had lived in a ________ territory, he had
become a free man. The case reached the Supreme Court as Dred Scott v. Sandford.
What did the Supreme Court decide?

Scott could not file a lawsuit because, as an _________ person, he was not a ___________.

Slaves were considered to be ___________.

Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery in any territory. This decision meant the
Missouri Compromise was ______________.
The Dred Scott Case
Chapter 16, Section 4
The Republican Party Emerges
Who formed the Republican Party?

A group of Free-Soilers, northern __________, and antislavery Whigs
Why did they form a new party?

They believed that neither the Whigs nor the Democrats would take a _________ enough stand
against slavery.
What was the goal of the party?

Its main goal was to keep __________ out of the __________ territories. A few Republicans
hoped to end slavery in the __________ as well.
How Abraham Lincoln Became Leader
of the Republican Party

Abraham Lincoln was born in __________. Later, he lived in __________ and Illinois.

Lincoln opened a store in Illinois. He studied ____ and entered politics.

He served ______ years in the state legislature and one term in Congress.

He opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, so he ran for the Senate in 18__.

During the Senate campaign, he debated Stephen ___________ seven times.


Lincoln: Slavery is ________. African Americans are entitled to all the natural rights in
the Declaration of ____________, so slavery should not extend to the territories.
However, it can remain in the states where it already exists.

Douglas: The slavery question should be settled by _________ sovereignty.
Douglas narrowly ____ the election. However, during the campaign, Lincoln became known
throughout the country.
The Impact of John Brown’s Raid

In 18__, John ______ led followers, including ______ African Americans, to Harpers_________,
Virginia. He planned to raid a federal arsenal, or gun warehouse.

Brown took over the _________. He expected that would inspire a slave uprising, but none took
place.

Troops killed ___ raiders and captured Brown. He was tried for murder and ________, or actions
against one’s country.

Brown gave a moving defense of his actions. Nevertheless he was found _______ and sentenced
to death. John Brown was ________.

To many northerners, John Brown became a __________ because he was willing to give up his
life for his beliefs.

White southerners were outraged at the __________ response. Many southerners became
convinced that the North wanted to destroy slavery and the South along with it.
Chapter 16, Section 5
The Election of 1860
The Democratic party split in ___: Northern Democrat and Southern Democrat.

Northern Democrats nominated Stephen __________.

Southern Democrats nominated John __________.
Some Americans tried to heal the split by forming a new party, the Constitutional Union party.

The Constitutional Union party nominated John ________.

The Republicans nominated Abraham _________.
Election of 1860
Results:
How the South Reacted to the Election of 1860

Many ______________ thought that Lincoln’s election meant the South no longer had a voice in
national government. They believed the President and Congress were against them.

Senator John ____________ of Kentucky introduced a bill to extend the Missouri Compromise
line to the Pacific. He proposed an amendment to the Constitution that would guarantee slavery
south of the compromise line forever. His proposals received little support.

Other southerners believed secession was their only choice. On December 20, 1860, South
___________ became the ________ state to secede. By late February 1861, Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas had followed.

At a convention in Montgomery, Alabama, the seven states formed a new nation, the
____________ States of America. Jefferson Davis became its president.
How the Civil War Began

When Lincoln took office, he warned that no state could lawfully _______ the Union.

Jefferson _________ had already ordered Confederate forces to begin seizing federal ________
in the South.

President Lincoln had to make a decision. Should he let Confederates take over ____________
property and look like he was admitting that states had a right to leave the Union? Or should he
send troops to hold the forts and risk a war?

By April 18__, the Union held only ________ forts in the South. Food supplies at one—Fort
________ in South __________—were running low. Lincoln notified the governor of South
Carolina that he was going to ship food to Fort Sumter. He said he would not send troops or
weapons.

The Confederates demanded that Fort Sumter _________ to them. The Union commander
refused to give in. The ___________ opened fire. The Union troops ran out of ammunition and
had to surrender.