Download Chapter 10

Sectional Conflict Intensifies


Section 1: Slavery and Western Expansion
a. Impact of the Mexican War
b. The Search for Compromise
Section 2: Mounting Violence
a. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
b. The Fugitive Slave Act
c. The Transcontinental Railroad
d. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Section 3: The Crisis Deepens:
a. Birth of the Republican Party
b. The Election of 1856
c. Sectional Divisions Grow
d. Lincoln and Douglass
e. John Browns Raid
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Section 4: The Union Dissolves
a. The Election of 1860
b. Compromise Fails
c. Civil War Begins
Chapter 10
Section 1
Wilmot Proviso:
David Wilmot- Penn. Congressman
-No slavery in new
territories
-Outraged Southerners
David Wilmot
Impact of the Mexican
War
Popular Sovereignty:
Lewis Cass-
proposes popular
sovereignty.
Each territory decides
whether to have slavery
or not.
Lewis Cass
Free Soil Party:
Conscience Whigs- Anti Slavery.
Cotton Whigs- Linked to cotton industry.
Conscience Whigs leave the Whig Party
and merge with the other groups.
They form the Free Soil Party.
The Election of 1848:
Free Soil Party- Martin Van
Buren
Democrats- Lewis Cass
Whigs- Zachary Taylor
Taylor Elected.
Zachary
Taylor
The “Forty-Niners:”
-Gold was discovered in 1848
-By the end of 1849 80,000
prospectors had arrived
-Nicknamed the “49ers”
-California applied for Statehood
as a free state
-Upset the Balance of Power
The Great Debate Begins:
-Henry Clay proposes a compromise for the
remaining territories.
-Calhoun responds with a warning.
Daniel Webster- national unity.
-Compromise of 1850 is reached.
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Chapter 10
Section 2
Harriet Beecher StoweChanged the Northern perception of
Slavery
Southerners tried to have it banned
Considered one of the causes of the
Civil War
Harriet Beecher Stowe
The Acts Effects:
-Fueled Northern resentment
-Caused Northern resistance
to grow
The main outlet of resistance
was The Underground
Railroad
Route to free slaves from the South
Included Harriet Tubman, a runaway slave
Conductors and slaves had songs with codes.
Connected the East and West
Coasts
Gadsden Purchase- US gave
Mx. $10 million for
southern NM and AZ
Stephen Douglass
-Kansas-Nebraska Act-organize
the territory west of
Missouri and Iowa
-Douglass proposed repealing the Missouri
Compromise and making Nebraska
Free and Kansas a slave state.
Passed in 1854 and caused Kansas to have a
civil war called “Bleeding Kansas”
-over 200 people died
half pro-slavery/half anti-slavery
-By May, 1856, Kansas had two
governments.
Charles Sumner- MA Senator
accused SC Senator Butler of
“choosing a mistress… the harlot,
slavery.”
SC House Rep. Preston Brooks (Butler’s
cousin) caned Sumner on the floor
of the senate in response.
-Southerners cheered
-Northerners outraged
Chapter 10
Section 3
Republicans Organize:
The Kansas- Nebraska Act Splits the
Whigs
Members of the Whig, Democratic,
and Free Soil parties combined
to form The Republican Party
Abraham Lincoln
Candidates:
-John C. Fremont-Republican
-James Buchanan-Democrat
-Millard Fillmore-American
(independent)
-Buchanan is elected because he
campaigns on saving the
Union.
John C. Fremont James Buchanan
Millard Fillmore
Dred Scott
-Slave who was brought into free
territory to live
-Sued for his freedom, lost
-The case intensified sectional conflict
Illinois Senate Race
Abraham Lincoln- “A house divided against
itself cannot stand.”
6’4”
- believed slavery to be morally wrong, but
not an abolitionist.
Stephen A. Douglas- “The Little Giant.” 5’4”
-Douglas’s “Freeport Doctrine”- keep
slavery out by refusing to pass the laws
needed to enforce it
Abraham Lincoln
Stephen A. Douglas
John Brown- Abolitionist
- led an insurrection at Harpers Ferry
Federal Arsenal in Virginia.
-The Plan-Free and arm the slaves
and the slaves would rise up and
kill all the slave holders.
Col. Robert E. Lee puts down the
rebellion.
John Brown was captured, tried and
executed by hanging.
Chapter 10
Section 4
Lincoln- Republican -
anti-slavery, higher tariffs
Douglass- Northern
Democrats
Breckinridge- Southern
Democrats
Bell- Constitutional Union
Party
Abraham Lincoln Stephen Douglass
-Lincoln is elected-South
Carolina secedes
John C.
Breckinridge
John Bell
A last attempt at peace:
-The Lower South
(SC,AL,FL,GA,LA,TX,MS)
seceded by Feb. 1, 1861.
Crittenden’s Compromise is
proposed. Guarantee slavery
where it already existed and
reinstate the Missouri
Compromise line to the CA
border.
-It fails and The Civil War
begins.
Bonnie Blue Secession Flag
Founding the Confederacy:
-First capital -Montgomery, AL.
Eventually moved to Richmond, Va.
-Confederate States of America.
(Confederacy)
Confederate Constitution1-each state independent
2- slavery where it existed
3- no protective tariffs
Jefferson Davis - First President.
General Robert E. Lee Commands the
Confederate Army.
Flag of the Confederate
States of America
Fort Sumter Falls:
Lincoln tries to re-supply
Davis attacks the fort
Civil War Begins on April 12, 1861
Maj. Robert Anderson surrenders
Fort Sumter
Upper South secedes:
June 1861- Arkansas, Virginia,
Tennessee, North Carolina secede
Hanging on to the Border States:
Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri are on the fence
-Lincoln send troops into Baltimore- makes Maryland safe
-Kentucky stays neutral, eventually joins Union
-Missouri stays in the Union