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Year 9 Geography Investigating Australia’s Identity – Natural Hazards NATURAL HAZARDS AND NATURAL DISASTERS What is a Natural Hazard ………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What is a Natural Disaster …………………………………………………………………………..……………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Fill in the blanks: Type of Definition Examples hazard Atmospheric .................................................................... ………………………………..….. .................................................................... …………………………………….. .................................................................... ………………………………….…. Hydrological .................................................................... ………………………………..….. .................................................................... …………………………………….. .................................................................... ………………………………….…. Geological .................................................................... ………………………………..….. .................................................................... …………………………………….. .................................................................... ………………………………….…. Biological .................................................................... ………………………………..….. .................................................................... …………………………………….. .................................................................... ………………………………….…. Technological .................................................................... ………………………………..….. .................................................................... ………………………………….…. .................................................................... ………………………………….…. Human .................................................................... ………………………………..….. .................................................................... ………………………………….…. .................................................................... ………………………………….…. Which of these would happen in Australia? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Year 9 Geography Investigating Australia’s Identity – Natural Hazards What are the factors which determine how vulnerable a community is to natural hazards? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… If people know that they live in an area that is prone to natural hazards, what can they do to lessen the effects of the hazard? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Imagine you lived in Cairns. What natural hazards would you need to prepare for? How would you prepare for them? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Examine the pictures below. Label them with the correct category (Technological, Human, etc) Year 9 Geography Investigating Australia’s Identity – Natural Hazards Write a list of movies that involve natural disasters or natural hazards MOVIE Twister HAZARD/DISASTER Cyclones/Tornados NATURAL HAZARDS GLOSSARY bushfire: fire burning out of control in the open; also called a wildfire cold front: boundary between warm air and advancing cold air drought: a period of below average precipitation earthquake: series of shock waves that are generated by a disturbance in the Earth's crust epicentre: the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake fire front: the edge of the fire that spreads at the fastest rate firebrand: aerial burning fuel that blows ahead of the fire front firestorm: an intense fire, which may generate strong convection currents and violent winds that cause long range spotting and flame spirals flash flooding: sudden and destructive rush of water usually downhill following heavy rains on higher land flood: an unusual accumulation of water that over flows from rivers, lakes or the ocean onto land that is not normally covered by water flood mitigation: measures aimed at preparing for floods and trying to reduce their effects, such as constructing artificial levees, strengthening bridges, raising road levels and enlarging drains fuel: any material that burns heatwave: a short period (usually a few days) of well above average temperatures La Niña event: a period of well above average rainfall in eastern Australia, which often brings floods natural disaster: occurs as a result of a hazardous natural event that dramatically affects a community natural hazard: a natural event or object that is a potential source of harm to a community Richter scale: used to measure the energy of earthquakes tropical cyclone: sever weather event that occurs when warm, moist rising air begins to spiral upwards. Tropical cyclones are often accompanied by very strong winds, heavy rain and rough seas. Year 9 Geography Investigating Australia’s Identity – Natural Hazards Natural Hazards Cloze Passage Use the words in the word bank to fill in the blanks: life eucalyptus shaking migrate greater spiral intense history hazard entering Tropics alter gutters humans release pressure extensive Earthquakes Earthquakes are the results of a ……………………………………………… of pressure along plates found within the Earth’s crust. The release of the pressure leads to a ………………………………………….. effect of the ground which can lead to …………………………………………… damage to buildings and as a result possible loss of human ……………………………….. .The intensity of an earthquake is measured and recorded by a Richter scale. Tropical Cyclones Tropical cyclones are strong winds accompanied by heavy rainfall. They are intense low ………………………….. systems. Cyclones are formed in an area of the world referred to as the ……………………………….., and to be more precise, they are formed between the 5o – 20o latitude belt. While cyclones are formed in this belt, they can ……………………………………. or move out of the tropics. The winds inside the cyclones are often ………………………………….. than 120km/hr. Flooding A flood can be described as “too much water where we do not want it”. Flooding is a natural event which is made worse by ………………………………. actions. By constructing features like: drains, …………………………………………….., and the clearance of vegetation, we ……………………………………… or change the natural cycle of water flow which leads to too much water ………………………………………. our rivers in a short period of time which leads to flooding. Tornadoes These hazards are rare in Australia and occur mainly in the south-mid-west of the United States. A tornado is an intense ………………………………………….. of air surrounding a column of rising air towards a cloud. The damage of a tornado is fairly ……………………………… . However the damage caused by a tornado is limited to a “direct hit”. Therefore it is not uncommon for one house to be damaged while the house next door is left untouched. Bushfire Bushfires are a fairly common …………………………………. experienced in Australia. A bushfire needs three main components: fuel, ignition and oxygen. The Australian bush has an extremely high fuel load. In some plants like the ………………………………………… high levels of oil in the leaves make the bush highly flammable. Once a fire gets started, ………………………………. has shown us that it is hard to put out or control. The best way to manage bushfires is to prevent them from happening.
