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Study Guide for Ch. 11 Animal Diversity Test
Vocabulary:
1. Asymmetry: body organization that cannot be divided into mirror images
2. Bilateral symmetry: body organization that can be divided into two mirror images
3. Radial symmetry: body organization that can be divided into multiple mirror images
anywhere through the central axis
4. Invertebrate: animal that does not have a backbone
5. Vertebrate: animal that does have a backbone
6. Appendage: structure that extends from the central part of the body, like an arm or leg
7. Exoskeleton: thick, hard outer covering that protects and supports animals’ bodies
8. Notochord: flexible, rod-shaped structure that supports the body of a developing chordate
Lesson 1: What defines an Animal?
1. What series of characteristics do all animals share?
a. Animals are multicellular and eukaryotic.
b. They have specialized cells for different functions (ex. digestion, reproduction,
vision, or taste).
c. Animals have collagen (protein that surrounds cells to help keep their shape).
d. They get energy by eating other organisms.
e. Animals digest their food.
Unit 7 Astronomy Ch.22-25 - Space (pp. 636-767)
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Life Science
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2. How can animals be classified?
a. They can be classified into two large categories: Invertebrates or Vertebrates.
b. They can be classified by their symmetry: asymmetrical, radial, or bilateral.
c. They can be classified by their molecular classification (DNA, RNA).
3. Animal Classification Concept Map
Organisms in
Kingdom Animalia
can be classified into nine (9) major
phyla
according to these characteristics
backbone
vertebrates
DNA
invertebrates
symmetry
asymmetry
bilateral
radial
Unit 7 Astronomy Ch.22-25 - Space (pp. 636-767)
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Life Science
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PORIFERA
(sponges)
CNIDARIA
(jellyfish, sea anemone)
PLATYHELMINTHES
(flatworms)
NEMATODA
(roundworms)
ANNELIDA
(segmented worms-earthworm,
leech)
MOLLUSCA
(snail, slug, clam, squid,
octopus)
ECHINODERMATA
(starfish, sea cucumber, sea
urchin)
ARTHROPODA
(insect, shrimp, crab, spider)
CHORDATA
(fish, amphibians, reptiles,
birds, mammals)
Unit 7 Astronomy Ch.22-25 - Space (pp. 636-767)
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Life Science
____ Period
Name:
Date:
Lesson 2: Invertebrate Phyla
1. What are the characteristics of invertebrates?
a. no internal support structure
b. smaller than and slower than vertebrates
c. diverse body plans and physical characteristics
2. Invertebrates include 95-99 percent of all animal species. Arthropods contain the most
animals of the 8 invertebrate phyla. The largest order of Arthropods is the insects.
3. Know the characteristics and symmetry for the 8 invertebrate phyla:
Lesson 3: Phylum Chordata
1. What are the characteristics of Chordates? (Some only appear during embryonic stages).
a. has notochord (flexible, rod-shaped structure that supports the body)
b. a nerve cord (central nervous system)
c. a tail
d. pharyngeal pouches
Unit 7 Astronomy Ch.22-25 - Space (pp. 636-767)
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Life Science
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2. What are the characteristics of a vertebrate?
a. all have a backbone that surrounds a spinal cord (spinal column or spine)
b. all have a digestive system with two openings, circulatory system to move blood, and
nervous system including brain
3. Most chordates are vertebrates with the exception of two invertebrates: tunicates and
lancelets (which have a notochord).
4. The classes of vertebrates differ based on presence or absence of characteristics such as
gills, fins, scales, legs, wings, fur, and eggs.
5. Know the characteristics and examples of the classes of vertebrates:
FISH
Characteristic: two chambered heart; gills to absorb oxygen gas from water; paired fins
Jawless fish
Cartilaginous fish
Boney fish
AMPHIBIA
Characteristic: three chambered heart; live part of life in water (gills) and part on land (lungs); eggs
without hard protective covers; smooth moist skin
Frog
Salamander
Unit 7 Astronomy Ch.22-25 - Space (pp. 636-767)
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Toad
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REPTILIA
Characteristic: three chambered heart; lungs; eggs with leathery shell; scales and waterproof skin
Lizard
Snake
Turtle
Alligator
AVES
Characteristic: four chambered heart; hollow bones; eggs with hard shell; feathers; beak, no teeth, gizzard
to grind food
MAMMALIA
Characteristic: four chambered heart; hair or fur; live young (except platypus – eggs); mammary glands
that produce milk
INCLUDES HUMANS
Unit 7 Astronomy Ch.22-25 - Space (pp. 636-767)
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