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Chapter 2 Sensing
Student's Checklist
I can show my understanding of effects, ideas and relationships by describing and explaining:
 how electric currents are a flow of charged particles
 what is meant by internal resistance and the effect of
e.g. an electron beam in a TV tube, electrons in a
internal resistance in a circuit
metal, electrons and holes in a semiconductor
 the idea of power in electric circuits as energy
 the idea of potential difference in an electric circuit
dissipated or transferred per second
and across components in a circuit
 the relation between current and potential difference
 what resistance and conductance mean
in ohmic resistors i.e. resistors which follow Ohm's
law so that the ratio V / I stays the same when
 what happens to potential difference and current in
external conditions (such as temperature) stay the
circuits with components connected in series and in
same.
parallel using the ideas of resistance and conductance
as appropriate
 the action of a potential divider e.g. in sensor
applications such as to sense position or angle,
 what electromotive force (emf) means
reduce a potential difference, produce a potential
difference from a change in resistance
I can use the following words and phrases accurately:
with reference to electric circuits:
 emf
 potential difference
 current
 charge
 resistance
 conductance
 series
 parallel
 internal resistance
 load
I can sketch and interpret:
 simple circuit diagrams
I can calculate:
 formula to calculate other quantities
 the resistance R of a circuit or a component using the
formula R = V / I and rearrange the formula to
calculate other quantities
 charge flow in a circuit or component using the
formulae Q = I t, Q = W / V and rearrange the
formulae to calculate other quantities
 current, circuit resistance and potential differences in
series circuits using the resistances of components
e.g. total resistance = sum of component resistances
 currents, circuit resistance and potential differences
in parallel circuits using the conductances of
components e.g. total conductance = sum of
component conductances
with reference to instrumentation:
 resolution
 sensitivity
 response time
 systematic error
 'random' variability

graphs of current against potential difference: graphs
of resistance or conductance against temperature

the power dissipated in a circuit using the formula
P = I V and rearrange the formula to calculate other
quantities
power, current, resistance and potential difference in
circuits and components using the formulae P = I 2R,
P = V2 / R and rearrange the formulae to calculate
other quantities
energy dissipated in a circuit W = V I t
current, potential difference and resistance in circuits
with internal resistance, e.g. using the formulae
V = ε – I rinternal and V = I Rload and rearrange the
formulae to calculate other quantities
the effects produced by potential dividers in a circuit
e.g. when a photocell or thermistor is used in a
sensing application
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I can show understanding of sensor devices and their applications by giving and explaining my own example of:
 choosing an appropriate sensor for a particular application for example:
o an active sensors which produce an electrical signal e.g. piezoelectric, thermoelectric and photovoltaic devices
or
o a passive sensors which depend on a change of resistance e.g. photoresistors, thermistors
I have done experiments and investigations in which I have shown that I can:
 make and test a sensor or test and measure the qualities of a sensor or use a sensor and appropriate circuitry to make a
measurement or detect a signa