Download Multiple Choice

國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十九學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
姓名:
學號:
得分:
請注意題號不要弄錯
1
11
21
31
41
2
12
22
32
42
3
13
23
33
43
4
14
24
34
44
5
15
25
35
45
6
16
26
36
46
7
17
27
37
47
8
18
28
38
48
9
19
29
39
49
10
20
30
40
50
residuals
Amplitude
noises
1
Apr 26, 2001
2
3
4
1
Frequency
see below
國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十九學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
Multiple Choice:
Directions: Beneath each of the following questions are four lettered phrases or sentences marked
(a), (b), (c), and (d), but ONLY ONE best fits the answer. Please decide which one is the
CLOSEST CORRECT answer. Then, write down the corresponding letter of the answer you have
chosen on the answer sheet.
1. Which of the following statements about the components of a skeletal muscle is NOT
TRUE?
a. The entire skeletal muscle, which consists of a number of muscle bundles, is
surrounded by a fascia and a further connective tissue sheath known as the epimysium.
b. The muscle fasciculus (muscle bundle), which consists of a number of muscle fibers, is
surrounded by perimysium.
c. The muscle fiber surrounded by endomysium are made of myofibrils.
d. The myifibril is surrounded by intramyosium are made of recticular fibers.
2. Which of the following statements about the a sarcromere is TRUE?
a. A sacromere is a basic contractile unit of a muscle.
b. A sacromere is bordered by H-lines which are the attachment sites of cross-bridges.
c. A sacromere is made of two kinds of filaments: the thick one is actin and the thin one is
myosin.
d. A sacromere is approximately 1-30 cm in length.
3. Which of the following statements pertaining to sliding filament mechanism of muscle
contraction is NOT TRUE?
a. The cross-bridge theory was postulated by Huxley and Huxley in early 1960’s.
b. Muscle contraction is an action of active shortening of the sacromere, resulting from
the relative movements of actins and myosins filaments
c. During muscle contraction, both the myosin and the actin filaments become shorter
than its resting length.
d. Calcium ions play an important role in muscle contraction.
4. Considering the length-tension curve, the muscle is subject to _____ as it is stretched
beyond its original (resting) length.
a. active tension only
b. passive tension only
b. both active and passive tension
d. none because of rupture
Apr 26, 2001
2
國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十九學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
5. According to Hill’s model, _____ strength increases as the velocity of muscle contraction
increases.
a. eccentric
b. isometric
c. concentric
d. isokinetic
6. As the skeletal muscle is compared to the tendon, which of the following statements is
NOT TRUE?
a. The skeletal muscle mainly consists of elastic muscle fibers while the tendon is mainly
composed of non-elastic collagen fibers.
b. The ultimate strain is greater in the muscle than in the tendon.
c. The fibers in the muscle is parallel while those in the tendon is less parallel.
d. The muscle can contract either in a concentric or an eccentric way while the tendon is
unable to contract actively.
7. Increase in temperature of a muscle will increase muscle force. Which of the following
conditions may NOT be the possible mechanism to make this effect?
a. increase in extensibility of the muscle fibers
b. increase in cross-sectional area of muscle fibers
c. increase in enzyme activities
d. increase in stimulation frequency of nerve impulse
8. Which of the following situations is NOT the effect of physical training on a skeletal
muscle?
a. increase in the number of muscle fibers
b. increase in the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers
c. increase in the length of sacromere
d. changes in the proportion of types of muscle fibers
9. According to the figure below, collagen fibers are organized in parallel bundles with some
in non-parallel orientation. Which of the following structures may be the most possible
structure whose collagen fibers are organized in such a pattern?
a. skin
Apr 26, 2001
b. ligament
c. tendon
3
d. muscle
國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十九學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
10. The anterior cruciate ligament can be elongated approximately _____ of its original
length.
a. 6-8%
b. 37-39%
c. 50-55%
d. >70%
11. The graph below is a stress-strain curve for a ligament tested in tension to failure.
Which of the following ligaments may be the most possible to have such stress-strain
curve?
failure
stres
strain
a. anterior cruciate ligament
c. ligamentum flavum
ultimate strain
~ 70%
b. posterior cruciate ligament
d. anterior longitudinal ligament
12. By comparing the mechanical properties of bone and collagen fibers, which of the
following statements is NOT TRUE?
a. For an adult, the ultimate strength of collagen fibers is about 50% of that of cortical
bone tested in tension.
b. Bone remodel in response to the mechanical demands placed upon it while collagen
fibers remodel in response to the supply of calcium ions.
c. Bone withstand high compressive loads more than tensile loads while collagen fibers
withstand high tensile loads more than compression loads.
d. Both bone and collagen fibers behave like a viscoelastic material.
13. When we stretched the hamstring muscles, we held it in the elongated position for more
than 5 seconds. Later, we found that the hamstring muscles became more elongated than
that before stretching. Which of the following phenomena can explain this
phenomenon?
a. force relaxation phenomenon
b. creep phenomenon
c. hysteresis phenomenon
d. anisotropy phenomenon
Apr 26, 2001
4
國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十九學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
14. The superficial zone of an articular cartilage is structured to resist _____ stress because
the orientation of the collage fibers is _____ to the articular surface.
a. shear, parallel
b. shear, perpendicular
c. compressive, parallel
d. compressive, perpendicular
15. Which of the following functions is NOT the main function of a cartilage?
a. to absorb the impact
b. to distribute forces in the joint
c. to resist tensile forces
d. to allow movements with minimal friction
a
16. Which of the following quantities is a scalar quantity?
a. A person’s body mass is 70 kg.
b. The acceleration of a baseball is 400 m/s2.
c. A person walks 10 meters to the north.
d. A car travels north on the highway with 90 meters per hour.
17. Which of the following equations is not necessary when the static equilibrium is
considered for a rigid body?
a. F = 0
c. v = 0
b. M = 0
d. a = 0
18. If the stress-strain relationship on unloading is different from that on loading, the area
between these two stress-strain curves indicates the energy absorbed by the tissue on
loading cycle. The lower this energy is on each cycle, the _____ the response of the
tissue.
a. less elastic
b. more elastic
c. less plastic
d. more plastic
19. When a three-bending force applies to a bone, the fracture site would be at
a. the point where the middle force applies
b. the middle area if the bone
c. the weakest point
d. the point where the highest stiffness occurs
20. Muscle contraction affects stress patterns in bone. For example, contraction of the
gluteus medius produces ______ stress that can partially or totally neutralizes the
______ stress acting on the femoral neck.
a. compressive, compressive
b. compressive, tensile
c. tensile, compressive
d. tensile, tensile
Apr 26, 2001
5
國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十九學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
21. The yield point of a bone indicates
a. the slope of the stress-strain curve in the elastic region
b. the transition point from the elastic region to the plastic region
c. the point that the bone can sustain before failure
d. all of the above
22. During the early stage of the healing process of a fractured bone, callus formation at the
fracture site is important for increasing the strength of the bone because the callus area
has a higher ____ than the intact area.
a. bone resorption activity
b. moment of inertia about the neutral axis
c. creep phenomenon
d. tensile strength
23. Bone becomes stiffer when loaded at the _____ loading speeds.
a. higher
b. lower
c. no different
24. Which of the following factors may result in bone fatigue?
a. an increase in amounts of loads
b. an increase in numbers of repetition
c. an increase in frequency of loading
d. all of the above
25. According to the graph below, which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. A decrease in cortical bone thickness in the elderly is noted.
b. The degenerative bone can only withstand half of the stress of the young bone.
c. The degenerative bone stores less energy to failure than the young bone.
d. The degenerative bone can withstand the same strain as the young bone.
Old
Young
stress
strain
Apr 26, 2001
6
國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十九學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
26. If you have less budget but you want to have an error less than 5%, which of the
following force transducers would be your best choice?
a. conductor sensors
b. capacitor sensors
c. piezoelectric sensors
d. strain gauge
27. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of using reflective markers?
a. to reduce storage space by recording the markers only
b. to allow minimal relative movements on the skin
c. to increase the contrast of the markers from the background
d. to diminish the influence of electric wires on the motion to be measured
28. If an object experienced an acceleration of 25 m/s2 , what would its velocity be after 2
seconds? Assumed the initial velocity is 3 m/s.
a. 28 m/s
b. 22 m/s
c. 53 m/s
d. 38 m/s
29. _____ are used to calculate the forces from the kinematics of a movement.
a. Forward dynamics
b. Inverse dynamics
c. Kinematic dynamics
d. Kinetic dynamics
30. A baseball pitcher (投手) throws a ball to a target 37 m away from him. The ball hit the
target a second later. If his throwing elbow moves from 135 to 0, the averaged angular
speed of the elbow is about _____.
a. 2.2 rad/s
b. 22 rad/s
c. 1.5 rad/s
d. 15 rad/s
31. During the stance phase, the tibia is subjected to
a. compression loading
b. tensile loading
c. shear loading
d. all of the above
32. How long would you expect the anterior cruciate ligament can have 90% of the original
strength after 8-week immobilization?
a. 3 months
b. 6 months
c. 9 months
d. 12 months
33. The load relaxation phenomenon indicates the _____ decreases as time increases if the
_____ keeps constant.
a. force, loading
b. loading, force
c. deformation, loading
d. loading, deformation
Apr 26, 2001
7
國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十九學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
34. The isokinetic strength indicates the strength that the muscle generates under a constant
_____ throughout the whole range.
a. length
b. velocity
c. acceleration
d. strength
35.Which of the following statements about the difference between Cybex and Kin-Com
machines is TRUE?
a. Cybex machine measures the isokinetic strength while Kin-Com machine measures
the isoinertial strength.
b. Cybex machine measures the joint torque acting on the dynamometer while Kin-Com
machine measures the force acting on the load cells.
c. Cybex machine measures eccentric muscle strength while Kin-Com machine
measures the concentric muscle strength.
d. Cybex machine measures muscle strength using a velocity spectrum protocol while
Kin-Com machine measures muscle strength using a acceleration spectrum protocol.
36. The isokinetic strength indicates the strength that the muscle generates under a constant
_____ throughout the whole range.
a. length
b. velocity
c. acceleration
d. strength
37. Which of the following measurement techniques is NOT a direct measurement method?
a. video-camera system
b. electrogoniometer
c. accelerometer
d. universal goniometer
38. The symbol of ( x, y, z ) indicates _____ of a vector (x, y, z).
a. relative coordinates
c. linear velocity
b. absolute coordinates
d. linear acceleration
39. Which of the following statements about analogue-to-digital converters is NOT TRUE?
a. An analogue-to-digital converter is the process to convert continuous physiological
signals into a sampled binary data series.
b. When the raw data are converted from video, they also contain additive noises from
many sources, such as electronic noise in optoelectric devices.
c. If the sampling rate is set at 60 Hz, then it indicates that 60 samples are digitized per
minute.
d. If a 12-bit binary code is used, it represents 212 = 4096 discrete amplitude levels.
Apr 26, 2001
8
國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十九學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
40. The graph below represents the angle of knee flexion during one gait cycle. Maximum
displacement of the knee joint occurs at approximately ____ of the gait cycle.
a. 17%
b. 40%
c. 62%
d. 75%
60
40
knee
flexion
20
0
20
40
60
80
100 %
time
41. Same graph as the Question #40, which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. The knee joint flexes twice during one gait cycle
b. After Fourier transformation, the harmonic was estimated around 2 Hz.
c. The greater knee flexion occurs during the midstance phase.
d. The highest angular velocity of the knee occurs at 78% of the gait cycle.
42. Same graph as the Question #40, the time points when the angular velocity is equal to
zero are approximately at _____ of the gait cycle.
a. 0%, 40%, and 100%
b. 40%
c. 62% and 38%
d. 0%, 17%, 40%, 75%, and 100%
43. The sampling theorem states that the signal must be sampled at a frequency at least
_____ the highest frequency present in the signal itself.
a. the same as
b. twice as high as
c. triple as high as
d. as high as possible
44. A force of _____ is defined as the force that is capable of producing an acceleration of 1
m/s2 to a mass of 1 kg.
a. 1 g
b. 1 dyne
c. 1 Newton
d. 1 Pa
Apr 26, 2001
9
國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十九學年度/ 生物力學期中考試卷
45. According to Winter, the lower cutoff frequency can be determined by residual analysis.
If residuals of a given signal is graphed as the graph below, which frequency may be the
most possible lower cutoff frequency?
a. frequency 1
b. frequency 2 c. frequency 3 d. frequency 4
residuals
Amplitude
noises
signals
1
4
2
3
4
Frequency
46. Please draw the method you used for the Question #45 on your answer sheet.
47. which of the following statements about harmonic analysis is NOT TRUE?
a. It is named after a French mathematician Harmonics.
b. Harmonics means the frequencies which is expressed by multiples of the fundamental
frequency. For example, the third harmonics is equal to 3 f0.
c. It is also named as Fourier transformation.
d. A periodic signals can be expressed as the sum of a number of sine and cosine wave.
48. A ball moves in a straight line with a constant velocity if there are no forces acting upon
it. Which of the following laws can explain this phenomenon?
a. law of gravitation
b. law of inertia
c. law of action-reaction
d. law of acceleration
49. Which of the following quantities is dimensionless?
a. moment of inertia
b. force
c. potential energy
d. percentage
50. The time rate of change of the _____ vector is the acceleration.
a. displacement
b. speed
c. velocity
Apr 26, 2001
10
d. jerk