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Cornell Note Questions Date: **First Set of Notes for the Second Nine Weeks** Cornell Notes: Imperialism - Becoming a World Power 1860 – 1900 Introduction: Even as the United States itself changed dramatically, our relationship with other countries and our role in the world also changed. We began a policy of ______________________ or expansionism - we began to expand our territory and our political and economic influence on other countries. I. American Expansion Oversees: Why did the United States begin to take more interest in world affairs in the late 1800s? Economic Reasons: A. ____________________________ - As you know, there is incredible factory growth in the United States in the late 1800s. In the 1880s, the United States began to search for new places to sell its goods and resources. Political Reasons: B. European Imperialism and Colonization – In the late 1800s Europe began to colonize underdeveloped areas of the world such as Africa and Asia. They Factory in the late 1800s did this to get natural resources for industrialization. The USA did not want Europe to get too much control and so began expanding its control to other countries. This is called___________________________ – the economic and political domination of a stronger nation over a weaker one. C. ______________________________ - Having claimed land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, Americans now look beyond its borders for land. Social Reasons: D. “______________________________” or Anglo-Saxonism – That white people or “Western civilization” had an obligation to spread their culture, beliefs and Christianity to other parts of the world such as Africa and Asia. Words to Use: Alfred T. Mahan colony Economic markets Imperialism (2) Manifest Destiny natural resources navy ports Whiteman’s Burden Military Reasons: In 1890, Captain _____________________ wrote a very influential book called The Influence of Sea Power on History. In this book he stated the idea that throughout history, all strong countries had a strong navy. The USA will intentionally create a strong _____________________ to spread its power. Naval ships sailing across the world need to refuel and get food. This will be a major reason for exerting our influence in the Pacific Ocean so that we could have ________________ for our navy. Captain Alfred Mahan II. Expansionism, NOT Colonialism: While the USA does expand, it does not colonize as Europe was doing. Reasons: A. America had numerous ______________________________ (unlike Europe) and did not need to expand as much. B. America had been a ___________________ of England. We were the first colony to declare our independence – “the shot heard ‘round the world.” We were very aware of what it was like to be a colony of another country and so part of our foreign policy was to avoid colonialism. III. Examples of American Expansion: Much of the Expansion of the United States will take place in two parts of the world: The islands of the __________________________ and the ________________________________. A. ___________________________ - in 1853, Commodore Matthew C. Perry forces Japan to open to world trade. B. ___________________________- William Seward buys Alaska from Russia in 1867. It is called Seward’s Folly because most people thought that Alaska had nothing to offer. In time, however, it was found that Alaska had many natural resources such as gold and oil. C. _________________________ – The USA enters into a protectorate agreement with Samoa. A ____________________________ means that the smaller country (Samoa) keeps its government, but it can look to the larger country (USA) for protection. D. ____________________ - Had long economic ties with the United States due to sugar plantations. American sugar plantation owners overthrew the Hawaiian queen. Eventually Hawaii will become a territory of the United States and then a state. Cornell Note Summary: I learned that _______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Words to Use: Alaska Caribbean Islands Hawaii Japan Pacific Ocean protectorate Samoan Islands A map showing American Expansionism by 1900 Cornell Note Questions Date: Cornell Notes: Causes of the Spanish American War 1898 Introduction: Remember that the terms ______________________________ and expansionism refer to the period of time in the late 1800s where United States began to expand its influence on other countries and its territory. The reasons for the expansion during this time are: economic markets, competition with Europe, the idea of “white man’s burden” (Anglo-Saxonism) and a growing _______________________. I. The Spanish American War 1898 One of the first tests of the United States as a world power came during the Spanish American War. The Spanish American War was between the United States and ________________________. It was fought mostly over ____________________, a colony of Spain. Cuba was trying to get its independence from Spain and the United States supported Cuba in its quest for independence. II. The Causes of the _____________________________ War 1. Spain’s poor treatment of the Cuban people. a. Cubans were fighting for their independence. Spain did not want Cuba to be independent and fought the rebels to prevent it. b. As a result, in 1896, Spain, under General Weyler implemented what they called a ______________________________. Under this policy, people living in rural areas had 8 days to move into fortified towns or they would be shot. The goal was to separate the rebels and the peasants that might help them. c. The towns the peasants were forced to move into were terrible. There was little food and disease spread quickly. By 1898 one third of Cuba’s population had been forced to move. Over 400,000 Cubans died because of the Reconcentration Policy. Reason for the term “yellow journalism” – the “yellow kid” from the cartoon Hogan’s Alley Words to Use: Cuba De Lôme Imperialism navy Reconcentration Policy Spain Spanish-American Yellow journalism (2) 2. ________________________ - when news stories are made up or exaggerated to attract readers. a. Yellow journalism techniques include: Large headlines Sensational stories – not always truthful The use of color Bones of Reconcentration Victims b. __________________________________________ and the Spanish American War William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer – the publishers of the two major New York newspapers – used yellow journalism to sell newspapers and stir up anti-Spanish feelings. These stories told of female prisoners, execution by shark, starvation and other tales designed to have Americans sympathize with the Cubans. These feelings will help to lead to the war. 3. ____________________________ Letter - February 1898 a. The Spanish insult President McKinley calling him weak. This letter, written by the Spanish Ambassador to the United States, Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, criticized American President William McKinley by calling him weak and concerned only with gaining the support of the people. b. The newspapers printed the letter and Americans were angered by the insult against their president. This stirs up even more anti-Spanish feeling. Example of Yellow Journalism 3. Our own expansionist ideas – the idea that we should expand our territory and become a world power Words to Use: Maine Spain ***4. The Explosion of the USS ______________________ on February 15, 1898 The American ship explodes in Havana, Cuba harbor killing 268 American sailors. America (especially the newspapers) blame ______________________. In reality, the ship probably exploded because of a mechanical fault. “Remember the Maine!” becomes a rallying cry for going to war. Cornell Note Summary: I learned that ___________________________________________________ _________________________ __________________________________________ The USS Maine The USS Maine after the explosion in 1898 Examples of Yellow Journalism after the Explosion of the USS Maine