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Evolution Review Packet EVOLUTION UNIT ASSESSMENT Student Review Packet Change With Time I. Vocabulary: Write the letter of the term being defined on the blank to the left of each of the following definitions. _____ 1. All of the genes of a given population a. fossil _____ 2. Plant or animal in the early stage of development b. half-life _____ 3. Time required for one half of a radioactive isotope to disintegrate c. natural selection d. embryo _____ 4. Any evidence of once-living organisms, such as an imprint or bone e. gene pool _____ 5. Process that ensures the survival of the fittest in a particular environment _____ 6. Change that occurs in a population during a sequence of generations of organisms over a long period of time f. adaptations _____ 7. Body parts that are similar in structure and not necessarily similar in function h. analogous structures _____ 8. Body parts that are reduced in size and/or have no known function g. homologous structures i. vestigial structures _____ 9. Body parts that are similar in function but not similar in structure _____ 10. Physical and behavioral traits that enable organisms to survive BCPS Summer 2003 1 j. evolution Evolution Review Packet II. True or False: If the statement is true, write “true.” If the statement is false, write “false” AND then rewrite the statement to make it true. 11. Mutation and genetic recombination increase the rate of change among organisms. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 12. A species consists of a group of similar-looking organisms that are not able to breed with one another. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 13. Darwin predicted that the middle intermediate stages of evolutionary development would be found in transitional fossils. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 14. Darwin’s theory of evolution includes the following concepts: organisms usually overproduce; all offspring survive to compete for food and shelter; and variations exist and are inherited. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 15. According to Lamarck’s hypothesis, an average-sized person who developed large muscles through exercise would produce children with muscles that are typical of a human. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ BCPS Summer 2003 2 Evolution Review Packet III. Theory of Evolution: A. The following statements summarize Darwin’s theory of evolution. Write the term that completes each statement on the blank to the left. ____________________ 16. Certain organisms are naturally born with genes for variations of traits that enable them to survive. These variations are passed on to the next generation through _______ . ____________________ 17. Living organisms face a constant _______ to survive. ____________________ 18. Not all organisms _______ and ________. ____________________ 19. Natural selection results in genetic _______ in a population. ____________________ 20. A species must change and adapt to its environment or it will become ________ . WORD BANK: change struggle B. extinct survive reproduce natural selection Each of the following statements is represents a component of Darwin’s theory of evolution. In the space provided, state the component that is illustrated by each example. 21. A pack of wolves chases a herd of deer. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 22. A wild hog produces young with hair color that closely resembles the leaf litter on the forest floor. ________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 23. A coyote eats a young rabbit whose legs are too short and too weak to help it escape. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 24. The long-necked giraffe is well suited for eating foliage from the tops of the tallest trees. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ BCPS Summer 2003 3 Evolution Review Packet C. Each diagram below illustrates a different selection process. Name and describe the process shown in each diagram. 25. 26. 27. BCPS Summer 2003 4 Evolution Review Packet Human Evolution IV. Relatedness of Organisms A. Use the data in the table below to answer the following questions: COMPARISON OF AMINO ACID DIFFERENCES COMPARED WITH HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN SPECIES Human Species A Species B Species C NUMBER OF AMINO ACID DIFFERENCES COMPARED WITH HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN 0 17 5 29 28. Which species is most closely related to humans? __________ 29. Which species is most distantly related to humans? __________ 30. Explain how a comparison of the differences in the number of amino acids demonstrates the relatedness between species. _______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ B. Complete the following Concept Map using the words in the word bank. WORD BANK: Africa which permit have 5 fingers have tails such as BCPS Summer 2003 5 grasping Homo sapiens Homo erectus gorillas, chimps, or bonobos humans monkeys primates prosimians or descendants of apes evolved in Evolution Review Packet C. Constructed-Response Questions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 31. Why was the development of a large brain important to human evolution? 32. If you were looking for early hominid fossils, in what part of the world would you look? Why? 33. What is the meaning of the term, evolutionary relationship? Provide examples of the types of evidence a scientist could use to show an evolutionary relationship. BCPS Summer 2003 6 Evolution Review Packet 34. Define the terms, relative dating and absolute dating. Describe how a scientist uses each of these methods to help to determine the age of a fossil such as a shark’s tooth? 35. Scientists have calculated that a sample of rock contained 18 g of potassium-40 when it was formed. It now contains 6 g of potassium-40. The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years. How old is the rock? (Show your work.) BCPS Summer 2003 7 Evolution Review Packet Classification In the diagram below, write the level of classification in the space that represents it. Levels of classification: genus species phylum family kingdom class order (Refer to page 319 in your Holt biology book.) BCPS Summer 2003 8 Evolution Review Packet DNA from four organisms was examined using gel electrophoresis. The results are shown in the diagram below. RESULTS OF DNA GEL ELECTROPHORESIS 1 2 3 4 36. According to the data, which of these pairs of organisms is most closely related? A 1 and 2 B 2 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4 BCPS Summer 2003 9 Evolution Review Packet A team of scientists discovered what they believed to be a new species of fish. Using gel electrophoresis, they analyzed samples of DNA from the newly discovered fish and from four known species of fish. The diagram below shows the bands of DNA from the gel electrophoresis. RESULTS OF GEL ELECTROPHORESIS FROM FIVE DIFFERENT FISH NEWLY DISCOVERED FISH KNOWN SPECIES KNOWN SPECIES KNOWN SPECIES KNOWN SPECIES A B C D KEY = Bands in the Gel 37. Use the results of the gel electrophoresis to: Determine if the newly discovered fish is, in fact, a new species of fish. Identify which of the known species is most closely related to the newly discovered fish. Explain how the relatedness of the fish can be determined by examining the location of the bands in the electrophoresis gel. Describe other types of evidence that scientists can use to determine relationships between species. BCPS Summer 2003 10 Evolution Review Packet BCPS Summer 2003 11 Evolution Review Packet The diagram below shows the location within the layers of rock of the fossilized remains of members of the Genus, Critter. FOSSIL HISTORY OF THE GENUS, CRITTER C. hirsutus C. arboritus C. longleggus C. nektonicus C. subterraneous C. amphibius C. aquaticus C. rapidus C. terraneous C. primordius 38. Based on the diagram, which of these is the correct order of age from youngest to oldest? A C. rapidus, C. aquaticus, C. longleggus B C. arboritus, C. amphibious, C. aquaticus C C. nektonicus, C. amphibious, C. terraneous D It is not possible to tell the age of these organisms from the information given. BCPS Summer 2003 12