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Major Cancer Milestones Major Cancer Milestones 1970–1979 Major Cancer Milestones 1970–1979 Early 1970s: Increased use of radioactive ''seeds'' to target prostate and other cancers Major Cancer Milestones 1970–1979 Late 1960s–early 1970s: Screening tests for colorectal cancer dramatically reduce deaths 1971: National Cancer Act of 1971 becomes law 1971: More limited mastectomy proven effective for early-stage breast cancer Major Cancer Milestones 1970–1979 1970s: CT scanning provides clearer images of tumors, guiding radiation and other treatments Major Cancer Milestones 1970–1979 1970s: Use of cancer-causing asbestos declines 1975–1976: First adjuvant chemotherapy increases cure rates for early-stage breast cancer Major Cancer Milestones 1970–1979 1977: New treatments cure men with testicular cancer 1977: Many women with breast cancer can opt for breast-conserving surgery Late 1970s: Growing use of mammography saves lives Major Cancer Milestones 1980–1989 Major Cancer Milestones 1980–1989 1981: First cancer vaccine prevents cancercausing hepatitis B infection Major Cancer Milestones 1980–1989 1982: Limited surgery helps rectal cancer patients avoid colostomies Major Cancer Milestones 1980–1989 1986: PSA test enables early detection of prostate cancer 1986: Second-hand smoke formally declared a carcinogen 1986: Tamoxifen reduces breast cancer recurrence 1986: Global guidelines help ensure proper pain management Major Cancer Milestones 1980–1989 1985–1991: Adjuvant therapy proven for colorectal cancer Late 1980s: Benzene discovered to cause blood cancers Major Cancer Milestones 1980–1989 1989: Drugs to boost blood cells help patients finish cancer treatment, reduce infections Major Cancer Milestones 1990–1999 Major Cancer Milestones 1990–1999 Early 1990s: Laparoscopic surgery minimizes pain, recovery time for several cancers Early 1990s: Shift to 3-D radiation treatment plans increases precision, safety of therapy Major Cancer Milestones 1990–1999 Early 1990s: Cancer deaths begin steady decline 1991: Powerful anti-nausea drugs alleviate major side effect of cancer treatment Major Cancer Milestones 1990–1999 1992: Sentinel lymph node biopsy determines cancer's spread with fewer side effects Major Cancer Milestones 1990–1999 1970s–1990s: Melanoma linked to sun exposure 1992–1994: Taxanes emerge as a vital chemotherapy option for ovarian, breast cancer Major Cancer Milestones 1990–1999 1997: FDA approves first-ever targeted cancer drug, rituximab 1997: Surgery found to cure some patients with advanced colon cancer Late 1990s: Prophylactic surgery helps prevent breast and ovarian cancers in women at high risk Major Cancer Milestones 1990–1999 Late 1990s: New radiotherapy technique enables precise targeting of tumors near sensitive tissue 1998: Drug therapy can reduce breast cancer risk in women at high risk 1998: Treatment guidelines highlight obesitycancer link 1998: Chemotherapy before surgery helps more women benefit from breast-conserving treatment Major Cancer Milestones 1990–1999 1998, 2006: First targeted anti-breast cancer drug, trastuzumab (Herceptin), has major impact on care Major Cancer Milestones 2000–Present Major Cancer Milestones 2000–Present 2000: Study links household radon exposure to lung cancer Major Cancer Milestones 2000–Present 2001: New targeted therapy transforms treatment for rare leukemia 2001: Imatinib found highly effective against rare gastrointestinal tumor Major Cancer Milestones 2000–Present 1998–2003: Doubling of U.S. biomedical research budget expands cancer research Major Cancer Milestones 2000–Present 2003: Scientists decode the human genome 2003: Obesity pinpointed as cause of many cancer deaths 2003, 2004: First targeted drugs for lung cancer attack ''EGFR'' receptor Major Cancer Milestones 2000–Present 2004: FDA approves first ''anti-angiogenic'' drug, bevacizumab 2004, 2006: Two targeted drugs approved for advanced colon cancer 2004–2005: Adjuvant therapy proven effective in lung cancer Major Cancer Milestones 2000–Present 2005: U.S. launches effort to map cancer genomes 2005: Research sheds light on long-term health problems of cancer survivors Major Cancer Milestones 2000–Present 2006: First vaccine approved to prevent cervical cancer Major Cancer Milestones 2000–Present 2009, 2010: Major studies report conflicting results about benefits of PSA testing Major Cancer Milestones 2000–Present 2010: CT scanning reduces lung cancer deaths among heavy smokers 2010: First drug shown to improve survival for patients with advanced melanoma 2010: Adding palliative care to standard chemotherapy improves survival for advanced lung cancer patients 2011: Record number of Americans surviving cancer – nearly 12 million 19 75 19 77 19 79 19 81 19 83 19 85 19 87 19 89 19 91 19 93 19 95 19 97 19 99 20 01 20 03 20 05 20 07 20 09 % of Patients Surviving Five Years Major Cancer Milestones Five-Year Survival 70 65 60 55 50 45 Year of Diagnosis Source: National Cancer Institute Major Cancer Milestones Mortality Cancer Deaths per 100,000 People 225 215 205 195 185 175 Year of Death Source: National Cancer Institute 20 09 20 06 20 03 20 00 19 97 19 94 19 91 19 88 19 85 19 82 19 79 19 76 19 73 19 70 165 19 73 19 75 19 77 19 79 19 81 19 83 19 85 19 87 19 89 19 91 19 93 19 95 19 97 19 99 20 01 20 03 20 05 20 07 20 09 New Cancer Cases per 100,000 People Major Cancer Milestones New Cases 524 504 484 464 444 424 404 384 364 Year of Diagnosis Source: National Cancer Institute Visit CancerProgress.Net for an interactive timeline of progress against a range of common cancers CancerProgress.Net is a project of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, which represents nearly 30,000 physicians who treat people with cancer and research new cures