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AN INTRODUCTION TO
BASIC PRINCIPLES
AND
THE TREATMENT OF WATER
Student guide for
- Water problems
- Equipment application
- Equipment operation
EcoWater Systems, Inc.
1890 Woodlane Drive
PO Box 64310
Woodbury, MN 55164-4310
www.ecowater.com
25-Jun-17
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PART #
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 WATER
INTRODUCTION
H2O
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
INCONSISTENT WATER CHEMISTRY
WATER SUPPLIES
AVERAGE WATER USE
NOTES
EXERCISE
CHAPTER 2 ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
SAFE CONTAMINANT LEVELS
INQUIRES
TAKING A WATER SAMPLE
MEASURING CONTAMINANTS
LABORATORY ANALYSIS
PORTABLE TEST KIT
UNIT OF MEASUREMENTS
PROCESSES
IONIZATION
CONDUCTIVITY
EXAMPLE ANALYSIS REPORT
NOTES
EXERCISE
CHAPTER 3 WATER TROUBLES & TREATMENTS
INTRODUCTION
AESTHETIC CONDITIONS
HARDNESS
Symptoms
Process/Treatment
Ion Exchange
AGGRESSIVE WATER
Symptoms
Process/Treatment
Low pH
High pH
CORROSIVE INDEX/LANGELIER INDEX
Symptom
Process/Treatment
IRON
Symptoms
Forms of Iron
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
Symptoms
Levels of Hydrogen Sulfide
MANGANESE
Symptoms
Process/Treatment
Air Oxidation
Catalyst Oxidation
Chemical Oxidation
TURBIDITY
Symptoms
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Process/Treatment
Absorption
Adsorption
Coagulation
TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS
Process/Treatment
SULFUR REDUCING BACTERIA
Symptoms
Process/Treatment
TREATMENT CHART
NOTES
EXERCISE
CHAPTER 4 EQUIPMENT
INTRODUCTION
INITIAL SYSTEM CHLORINATION
ORDER OF INSTALLATION
TYPICAL FEED SYSTEM
GENERAL TERMS
RETENTION TANK
FILTRATION
TYPES OF FILTER DESIGNS
FILTERS AND MEDIA
Sediment
Carbon (Taste and Odor)
Acid Neutralizing
Iron
Tannin
Oxidizers
FILTER CHART
NOTES
EXERCISE
CHAPTER 5 WATER SOFTENERS
INTRODUCTION
SYNOPSIS
UP-FLOW VS. DOWN-FLOW BRINING
DOWN-FLOW (CO-CURRENT) BRINING
UP-FLOW (COUNTER CURRENT) BRINING
RESIDENTIAL SIZING GUIDE
PARTS OF A WATER SOFTENER
TIMERS
MECHANICAL
SOLID STATE
ELECTRONIC DEMAND
METERING ASSEMBLY
BRINE VALVE ASSEMBLY
NOZZLE/VENTURI ASSEMBLY
VALVE ASSEMBLY
SINGLE DISC ROTOR VALVE
DUAL DISC ROTOR VALVE
OPERATION
SERVICE
What Happens
What To Look For
REGENERATION
FILL CYCLE
What Happens
What To Look For
BRINE/BRINE RINSE CYCLE
What Happens
What To Look For
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BACKWASH CYCLE
What Happens
What To Look For
SECOND BACKWASH
FAST RINSE CYCLE
What Happens
What To Look For
WATER FLOW CHART
FREEBOARD
NOTES
EXERCISE
CHAPTER 6 SOFTENER/FILTER TROUBLESHOOTING
INTRODUCTION
EQUIPMENT VERIFICATION
TROUBLESHOOTING CHARTS
Water Running To Drain
Using Too Much Salt
Water Partially Soft, Iron Bleed Or Staining
Salty Or Unusual Taste Or Odor
No Or Low Water Pressure
Air In Water Supply
Too Much Water In Brine Tank
COMMON QUESTIONS
What Type Of Salt Is Recommended
How Often Should A Brine Tank Be Cleaned
How Much Sodium Is Added To The Water
CHAPTER 7 REVERSE OSMOSIS
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INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF FILTRATION
PARTICLE FILTRATION
MEMBRANE FILTRATION
OSMOSIS
REVERSE OSMOSIS
BENEFITS OF REVERSE OSMOSIS
HOW THE MEMBRANE WORKS
HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS
MAIN PARTS OF AN RO
FEED WATER
PRE-FILTER
POST-FILTER
AUTOMATIC SHUTOFF
MEMBRANE
FLOW CONTROL
CHECK VALVE
STORAGE AREA
FAUCET
DRAIN
NOTES
EXERCISE
CHAPTER 8 REVERSE OSMOSIS TROUBLESHOOTING
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INTRODUCTION
EQUIPMENT VERIFICATION
TROUBLESHOOTING CHARTS
COMMON QUESTIONS
ANSWERS TO REVIEW EXERCISES
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
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CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 8
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
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