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Spring Semester Review for Human Anatomy & Physiology
Cardiovascular System
I. Directions: Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
1. How large is the size human heart?
2. Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?
3. Which vessels carry blood to the heart?
4. What is a normal blood pressure?
5. What is another name for a heart attack?
6. What is the AV valve with three flaps?
7. How much does the human heart weigh?
8-11. Name four components of blood.
12. What is the main component of the hemoglobin molecule?
II. Trace the pathway of blood through the heart & all body tissues.
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Superior & Inferior
22.
23.
Valve
24.
25.
Valve
26.
27.
(external respiration occurs here)
28.
29.
30.
Valve
31.
32.
Valve
33.
(largest artery in the body)
34.
35.
36.
(internal respiration occurs here)
37.
38.
39. Superior & Inferior
III. Identify the drawing.
1
10.
2
11.
3
12.
4
13.
5
14.
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Digestive System
I. Short Answer
1. The fleshy, fingerlike projection of the soft palate, which extends downward from
its posterior edge, is the _________.
2. The upper, expanded part of the stomach lateral to the cardiac region is the ______.
3. Bile breaks large fats globules into smaller ones in a process known as ______.
4. Deglutition is another name for ____________.
5. The amino acids that cannot be made buy the cells & therefore must be ingested are
said to be _________.
II. Trace a piece of food from the mouth through the digestive system ending at the anus. Write your
answers in the chart below the picture.
1
9.
17.
2.
10.
18.
3.
11.
19.
4.
12.
20.
5.
13.
21.
6.
14.
22.
7.
15.
8.
16.
Identify the diagram.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
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III. Multiple choice:
1. When full, the stomach can hold approximately: a) 3 liters of food
b) one gallon of food
c) 2 liters of food
d) 1 liter of food
e) two gallons of food.
2. Which of the following is the middle section of the small intestine: a) descending colon
b) duodenum
c) ascending colon
d) jejunum
e) ileum
3. The “gatekeeper” of the small intestine that regulates food movement into it is the:
a) hepatopancreatic ampulla
b) jejunum
c) pyloric sphincter
d) external anal sphincter
e) ileum
4. The primary function of the small intestine is: a) mineral secretion
b) waste secretion
c) vitamin conversion
d) water absorption
e) food absorption
5. Amylase is an enzyme that digests: a) starch
b) fat
c) minerals
d) vitamins
e) protein
6. Pancreatic enzymes for digestion are secreted into the: a) stomach
b) duodenum
c) ileum
d) jejunum
e) mouth
7. Swallowing & peristalsis both assist in: a) ingestion
b) mechanical digestion
c) chemical digestion
d) propulsion
e) absorption
8. Which of the following is NOT one of the carbohydrates that our digestive system breaks down
to simple sugars: a) maltose
b) starch
c) sucrose
d) cellulose
e) lactose
9. Transport of digested end products from the GI tract to the blood or lymph is called:
a) propulsion
b) defecation
c) absorption
d) digestion
e) ingestion
Fundamentals of the Nervous System
I. Multiple Choice:
1. An example of integration by the nervous system is:
a. the feel of a cold breeze
b. the shivering & goose bumps that result
c. the sound of rain
d. the decision to go back for an umbrella
2. The pineal gland is located in the:
a. hypothalamus
b. mesencephalon
c. epithalamus
3. Cranial nerves that have some function in vision include the:
a. trochlear
b. trigeminal
c. abducens
d. corpus callosum
d. facial
4. Motor functions of the extensor muscles of the arm, forearm, & fingers would be affected by damage to
which one of these nerves?
a. radial
b. axillary
c. ulnar
d. median
5. Which of the following is true of the autonomic, but not the somatic, nervous system?
a. neurotransmitter is acetylcholine
b. axons are myelinated
c. effectors are muscle cells
d. has motor neurons located in ganglia
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The spinal cord has gray matter on the:
outside, white matter on the inside, & a dorsal motor root
inside, white matter on the outside, & a ventral motor root.
inside, , white matter on the outside & a dorsal motor root.
outside, white matter on the inside & a ventral motor root.
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7. the subarachnoid space lies directly b/w the:
a. arachnoid mater & dura mater
b. arachnoid mater & pia mater
c. skull & arachnoid mater
d. arachnoid mater & cerebrum
II. Fill in the chart w/the structure’s function.
Structure
8. Corpus Callosum
Function
9. Pons
10. Medulla Oblongata
11. Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)
12. Limbic System
13. Parasympathetic system
14. Afferent Neuron
15. Dendrite
Respiratory System
I. Trace the flow of air from the nasal cavity to the alveoli in the lungs. (be specific)
1.
Nasal Cavity
2.
(increases the surface area of the mucosa in the nose to exposed air)
3.
(most superior aspect of the voice box)
4.
5.
(most inferior aspect of the voice box)
6.
(also called the windpipe)
7.
8.
9.
10.
(smallest branch of the respiratory tree)
11.
(external respiration occurs in these grape-like sacs)
II. Identify the drawing.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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III. Multiple Choice: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. the respiratory conducting passageways do all of the following except:
a) exchange gases
b) humidify air
c) warm incoming air
d) purify air
2. Which of the following bones does not contain paranasal sinuses:
a) ethmoid
b) frontal
c) mandible
d) maxilla
e) sphenoid
3. Gas exchange occurs by: a) simple diffusion
b) osmosis
c) facilitated diffusion
d) passive transport
e) active transport
Multiple Choice Continued:
4. The lipid molecule that coats the alveolar surfaces is called: a) kinin
b) surfactant
c) lecithin
d) interferon
e) rennin
5. The total amount of exchangeable air is the: a) dead space volume
b) tidal volume
c) vital capacity
d) expiratory reserve volume
e) inspiratory reserve volume
6. Cessation of breathing is called:
a) dyspnea
b) eupnea
c) hyperpnea
d) apnea
e) tachypnea
7. One of the most important stimuli leading to increased rate & depth of breathing is:
a) decreased O2 level in the blood
b) increased blood pH
c) increased CO2 in the blood
d) decreased CO2 in the blood
IV. Label the structures.
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THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions in the space provided.
____ 1.
The vas deferens is found in which sex mammal?
A. female
B. male
C. both
D. neither
____ 2.
The follicle is found in which sex mammal?
A. female
B. male
C. both
D. neither
Another name for the uterus is :
A. womb
B. ovary
C. Glands
D. Oviduct
____ 3.
____ 4.
The __________ carries nutrients and oxygen to the developing embryo
from its mother.
A. epididymis
B. vas deferens
C, fallopian tubes
D. umbilical cord
____ 5.
The joining of an egg and a sperm creates the
A. zygote
B. embryo
C. blastula
____ 6.
Both sperm and egg cells are
A. gonads
B. diplolid
C. zygotes
D. ovary
D. gametes
____ 7.
Human sperm and egg cells each carry ____ chromosomes
A. 46
B. 23
C. 96
D. 20
____ 8.
Which one of the following is NOT part of the male reproductive system?:
A. prostate
B. epididymis
C. cervix
D. urethra
Endocrine System
II. Short Essay:
1. Explain what the endocrine system includes (just list 3-4 of its key structures) & it’s function.
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LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEM
____ 1.
____ 2.
Lymph fluid may also be called
A. plasma
B. blood
C. interstitial fluid
D. serum
The function of the lymph nodes is to
A. filter the blood
B. filter the lymph
D. return the lymph to the blood
E. produce blood cells
Questions 3-7 Use the choices below
A. Bone Marrow
B. spleen
C. thymus
E. hemolymph
C. filter the plasma
D. tonsils E. Peyer's patches
____ 3.
serves as blood reservoir and filters blood
____ 4.
produces lymphocytes
____ 5.
small masses of lymphatic tissue in the throat
____ 6.
location of the maturation of T-cells
____ 7.
small masses of lymphatic tissue in the intestines
____ 8.
All of the following are involved in nonspecific defenses EXCEPT
A. tears B. phagocytes C. fever D. physical barriers E. antibodies
____ 9.
The Lymphatic System
A. absorbs and returns excess fluid to the blood stream
B. is involved in the absorption of fat in the villi of the small intestine
C. has a role in immune function
D. both A and B
E. A, B and C
____ 10.
A cell containing a virus is directly attacked and lysed by a non-antibody producing
lymphocyte. This is an example of
A. humoral immunity
B. nonspecific defense
C. cell mediated immunity
D. passive immunity
E. lymphatic immunity
Questions 11-14 Use the choices below.
A. B-Cells
B. T-Cells
C. Cytokines
D. Antibodies
E. Antigen
____ 11.
Cells which are produced in the bone marrow, mature in the thymus and oversee cell-mediated
immunity
____ 12.
Molecules recognized as foreign by the body.
____ 13.
Cells which are produced and mature in the bone marrow.
____ 14.
Produced by B-cells in response to foreign molecules found in the body
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____ 15. Memory cells are produced by
A. macrophages
B. activated T- cells
D. A and B
E. B and C
____ 16.
C. activated B - cells
Immunity that is passed from mother to baby through the placenta or breast milk is called
A. passive
B. active
C. inert
D. sedentary
E. dynamic
Special Senses
___ 1.
A. tympanic membrane
___ 2.
B. auricle
___ 3.
C. semicircular canals
___ 4.
D. external auditory canal
___ 5.
E. cochlea
___ 6.
F. malleus
___ 7.
G. eustachian tube
___ 1.
A. choroid
___ 2.
B. vitreous humor
___ 3.
C. optic nerve
___ 4.
D. lens
___ 5.
E. cornea
___ 6.
F. pupil
___ 7.
G. lacrimal membrane
___ 8.
H. aqueous humor
___ 9.
I. suspensory ligament
___ 10.
J. fovea centralis
K. iris
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