Download Astronomy Test Objective 1: Origins of the Universe Multiple Choice

Astronomy Test
Objective 1: Origins of the Universe
Multiple Choice
1. Galaxies that do not fit into a spiral or elliptical classifications are called
a. dwarf galaxies
b. irregular galaxies
c. barred galaxies
d. Hubble galaxies
Matching
Match each item with the correct phrase below.
a. cosmology
b. Big Bang Theory
2. Study of the universe.
3. States that the universe began as a point and has been expanding ever since.
Short Answer
4. Identify the type of galaxy and write a brief description.
5.
Identify the type of galaxy and write a brief description.
6.
Label the diagram below using the terms: nuclear bulge, galactic nucleus, disk, halo.
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Objective 2: Earth-Moon-Sun System
Multiple Choice
1. Our timekeeping system is based on the _____.
a. sidereal day
b. solar day
c. phases of the moon
d. Earth’s tilt
2. The sequential changes in the appearance of the Moon are called _____.
a. lunar eclipses
b. lunar phases
c. lunar tides
d. lunar positions
Matching
Match each item with the correct phrase below.
a. solar eclipse
b. waning
c. new moon
d. lunar eclipse
e. full moon
f. perigee
3. Occurs when the Moon passes through Earth’s shadow.
4. Blocking of the Sun’s light by the Moon passing between Earth and the Sun
5. The closest point to Earth in the Moon’s orbit
6. Phase when the lighted half of the moon is facing the sun and the dark side faces the Earth.
7. Period when the amount of the lighted side that can be seen becomes increasingly smaller.
8. Phase of the moon when half of the moon’s surface facing Earth is lighted.
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
9. Above the visible layer of the Sun is the ___________.
10.
A lunar eclipse can only occur at the time of a(n) __________.
Short Answer
11.
List the phases of the Moon, beginning with a new moon.
Objective 3: Reasons for the Seasons
Multiple Choice
1. Earth’s position when day and night is equal is the
a. perihelion
b. equinox
c. solstice
d. aphelion
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Matching
Match each item with the correct phrase below.
a. summer solstice
b. perigee
c. vernal equinox
2. Spring day characterized by day and night of equal lengths.
3. Earth’s position around June 21, at which the northern hemisphere has its maximum daylight
hours
4. Closest point to Earth in the Moon’s orbit.
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
5. Earth’s yearly orbit around the sun is its __________.
6. One complete revolution of Earth takes about ___________.
Short Answer
7. How would conditions on Earth be different if Earth were tilted on its axis at an angle of 60°?
EXPLAIN your answer.
8. Describe an ellipse and how it differs from a circle.
Objective 4: Stars
Multiple Choice
1. A star that is gravitationally bound to another star can either be part of a star cluster or a
_____ star.
a. constellation
b. white dwarf
c. binary
d. red giant
2. All stars, including the Sun, have the following identical composition.
a. 25 percent hydrogen; 73 percent helium; and 2 percent oxygen.
b. 25 percent helium; 73 percent hydrogen; and 2 percent other.
c. 25 percent helium; 73 percent hydrogen; and 2 percent oxygen.
d. 25 percent hydrogen; 73 percent helium; and 2 percent other.
3. During a supernova,
a. the resistance of electrons being squeezed counteracts gravity and supports the core.
b. the entire outer portion of the star is blown off in a massive explosion.
c. infalling gas remains trapped in the core.
d. the core continues to fuse helium.
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Matching
Match each item with the correct phrase below.
a. nebula
b. main sequence
c. constellation
d. black hole
e. electromagnetic spectrum
4. Electric and magnetic disturbances, or waves, that travel through space
5. Cloud of interstellar gas and dust that collapses on itself to form a new star.
6. Group of bright stars named of an animal, a mythological character, or an everyday object
7. Section of the H-R diagram into which about 90 percent of stars fall
8. Small, massive dense object that has a gravity so immense that nothing – not even light –
can escape it.
Short Answer
9. What happens to a star when it becomes a red giant?
10. Would the surface temperature of the stars classified as white dwarfs be generally higher or
lower than that of stars classified as super giants?
11. Our sun is classified as which type of star?
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Black Holes: One Size Does Not Fit All
Astronomers are concluding that monstrous black holes were not born that big, as once believed,
but instead grew on a diet of gas and stars controlled by their host galaxies in the beginning years
of the universe. An initial look at 30 galaxies indicates that black holes do not precede a galaxy’s
birth, but instead evolve with the galaxy by trapping an amazingly exact percentage (0.2) of the
mass of the stars and gas in a galaxy.
Black holes in the centers of giant galaxies—some more than one billion solar masses—had
enough infalling gas to once blaze as quasars. The final mass of a black hole is not primordial, but
instead is determined during the galaxy formation process. This shows that there is a close
relationship between the black hole mass and the stars that comprise an elliptical galaxy or
central bulge stars of a spiral galaxy. In most cases, the black holes not only bulked up through
the accretion of gas, but also through mergers of galaxies in which pairs of black holes combined.
The Hubble Space Telescope precisely measures the speed of gas and stars around a black hole.
This measurement provides clues for the existence of a black hole. Astronomers determine the
mass of each black hole by measuring the motion of stars swirling around it. The closer a star is
to the black hole, the faster is its velocity.
12.
13.
14.
15.
What is a black hole?
What do each of the three columns in the chart above show?
According to the article, what did astronomers once believe about black holes?
How does the Hubble Space Telescope measure black holes if black holes cannot be
seen?
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