Download Section 1 Vocabulary Pretest

Chapter 8
Cell Reproduction
Section 1 Vocabulary Pretest
1. Chromosome
2. Histone
3. Chromatid
4. Centromere
5.
6.
7.
8.
Chromatin
9. Karyotype
_____
Sex Chromosome
10. Diploid________________
Autosome
11. Haploid________________
Homologous Chromosome_______________________________
Why Cells Divide
*Growth and ____________
*Creation of _______________ (sex cells)
*Method of reproduction in _____________________________________
Chromatin
*While cells are growing, their DNA appears as long, stringy _______________________
*When cells are ready to divide, the _______________________________ to form
_______________________
*Chromosomes—DNA wrapped around proteins to form ___________________________
1. Histones—proteins that _______________________________
2. Sections of chromosomes are called ________________
Chromosome Structure
*Made of two identical halves called ______________________________ held together at a
point called a ________________________
*The sister chromatids are the result of DNA ___________________________
*They are called __________________________ and will need to separate before the cell
divides.
*Humans have _________________________ in the nucleus of every cell.
1. Two are the __________________________ (X and Y)
XX = ____________________
XY = ____________________
2. The other 44 are called __________________________
3. They occur in _____________________ (called homologous chromosome pairs)
One chromosome in each pair comes from _________ and one from _______
*A _______________ is a photograph of the matching pairs of chromosomes.
Diploid vs. Haploid
*Diploid cells contain the __________________________________________________
(body cells are diploid)
*Haploid cells contain _____________________________________________________
(they have one from each homologous pair----sperm and egg cells)
Section 2 Vocabulary Pretest
1. Binary fission
6. Interphase
10. Metaphase____
2. Mitosis
7. Cytokinesis
11. Anaphase_________________
3. Asexual reproduction
8. Prophase
12. Telophase_________________
4. Meiosis
9. Spindle fiber
13. Cell plate__________________
5. Gametes _____________________________________________________________________________
Cell Division
*You make about ______________________ cells every day.
*Cells reproduce _________________ (one parent)
*The process is different in _____________________________________________________
*Prokaryotes reproduce by ___________________________
1. DNA is _________________ (no chromosomes)
2. DNA copies itself
3. Cell ________________
*Eukaryotes use two types of cell division
1. __________________--produces body cells
2. __________________--produces gamete cells
(both happen in stages)
The Cell Cycle
*Mitosis is part of the __________________________
*Three stages:
1. _________________--period of growth,
development and DNA replication
2. _____________---division of the nucleus
3. _______________---division of the cytoplasm
Interphase
*Cells spend most of their time in ____________________
*Three phases:
1. ________--first growth phase (Cells grow to full size)
2. _______--DNA synthesis (copied)
3. _______--second growth phase (prepares to divide)
*Some cells exit the cycle after the _________________ and
enter the __________. These cells no longer divide.
Examples: ______________________________
Mitosis
*Mitosis (division of the _______________) is divided into four stages:
1. __________________--DNA condenses into __________________; Nuclear
membrane disappears; _________________ and _____________________ appear
2. __________________--Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
3. __________________--Sister chromatids separate and move ___________________
4. __________________--Chromosomes uncoil back into __________________;
Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes.
Stages of Mitosis:
Cytokinesis
*The final stage of the cell cycle is _____________________ (dividing of the cytoplasm)
*In _____________________, cytokinesis begins with a cleavage furrow (pinching in of the
membrane)
*In _____________________, cytokinesis begins with the formation of a cell plate.
*End result is two identical _______________________________________.
Meiosis
*Meiosis produces ____________________(sperm and egg cells)
*Gamete cells are __________________(_____________________________________)
*Full number of chromosome is ____________________ during ______________________
*A cell passes through interphase and ____________________________
*The cell then divides twice resulting in ________________________________________
Stages of Meiosis
1. ___________________--Chromosomes form and find their homologous match
*This is called __________________(pairing of homologous chromosomes)
*Each pair of homologous chromosomes is called a ____________
*________________________can occur in each tetrad
resulting in a ______________________________ of genes
2. ___________________--matching pairs of chromosomes
(_____________) line up in the _______________ of the
cell and attach to spindle fibers.
3. ___________________--Homologous chromosomes separate and move to the poles
(___________________________)
4. ______________________________________--Nucleus and cell both divide for the
first time. This reduces the number of chromosomes to ________________. This is
called a _______________________________. However, the chromosomes are still
_________________________ (diploid).
5. ____________________--Spindle fibers reappear
6. ____________________--Chromosomes line up in the _______________________
and attach to spindle fibers
7. ____________________--Chromatids split and move to poles
8. _____________________________________--Nucleus and cell divide for the second
time. This is essentially a __________________________. Four haploid
____________________ are produced. They have __________________________
of single stranded chromosomes.
*Meiosis occurs in the testes and the ovaries.
1. ______________________--production of 4 mature sperm cells
2. ______________________--production of 1 mature egg cell and 3 smaller polar
bodies that degenerate.
Stages of Meiosis
Fertilization
*Fertilization—union of ____________________________
*Sexual reproduction, involving the production of sperm and egg cells by meiosis followed
by fertilization, ensures ____________________________ in all offspring.