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Chapter 5 Guided Notes
5.1 #1-6
1.
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Name __Courtney Sprouse__ ES ______
Use as much space as needed. Be sure to save before the bell.
What is mechanical weathering?
Mechanical weathering takes place when rocks are broken down without any
change in the chemical nature of the rocks. The rocks are essentially torn apart by
physical force, rather than by chemical breakdown
2.
What are the three physical processes that make up mechanical weathering? Give
an example of EACH.
a.:: landslides
b.:: when great amounts of pressure build up and the earth’s crusts move
c.:: salt wedging
d.:: frequent freezing and thawing of water
e.::temperature
3.

What is chemical weathering?
Chemical weathering takes place in almost all types of rocks. Smaller rocks are
more susceptible however, because they have a greater amount of surface area

What is the most important agent of chemical weathering?
Water
4.
5.
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Discuss briefly weathering of Granite, Silicate Minerals and Spheroidal
Weathering.
Granite: Weathering of potassium feldspar produces clay minerals, soluble salt
(potassium bicarbonate), and silica in solution.
Silicate minerals: Produces insoluble iron oxides and clay minerals
Spheroidal : • Causes the corners and edges of rock to be more rounded
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What are two factors that affect the rate of weathering?
Rock characteristics
Climate
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6.
5.2 #7-15
7.
What are the four components of soil?
a. parent material
b. time
c. climate
d. organisms
e. slope
8.
What type of soil consists of 10% clay, 60% silt, and 30% sand?
Silty loam
9.
Explain how the slope of the land affects soil thickness.
Steep slopes often have poorly developed soils
10.
What are the three soil horizons?
a. A horizon ( topsoil)
b. B horizon ( subsoil)
c C horizon ( partially weathered parent material).
13.
What are the 3 types of soil? Name and describe each and where they are
found.
a. Topsoil _ a horizon
b.Subsoil_ B horizon
c.Partially weathered parent material_C horizon
11.
Based on what you have read about clearing tropical rain forests, what can be
done to the Colombian field to reduce soil erosion? Plant vegetations
12.
How do human activities effect erosion?
They can increase the speed at which rock and soil erode
15.
Which activity would cause more sediment to be deposited in a river that flows
through a gently sloping valley----cultivating the valley or cultivating the hills that
surround the valley? EXPLAIN..
5.3 #16-20
16
What is mass movement?
The transfer of rock and soil downslope due to gravity
17.
What factors trigger mass movement?
water, oversteepening of slopes, removal of vegetation, and earthquakes
18.
How do geologists classify mass movements?
based on the kind of material that moves, how it moves, and the speed of
movement.
19.
What are the TYPES of mass movement?
Slides, slumps, flows, creeps
20.
How does a rock slide differ from a mass movement?
a rock slide is when rocks fall freely through the air, but a mass movement is large areas
of land that moves in large masses at a time