Download World War II

MAJOR CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Treaty of Versailles Took away Sudetanland, Austria, and Poland.
 Required reparations
 War guilt
 Lowered German military arms and soldiers.
Weimar Republic-corruption, democracy, and modernism.
Great Depression-speculation and withdrawing money. Bank crisis. Value of mark
was 1 dollar=2million marks.
Anti-Semitism: Protocol of Zion-Zionist imperialism and nationalism,
Eugenics/Euthanasia Policy/Social Darwinism
German nationalism and pride.
JAPANESE NATIONALISM
Rise of modern Japan and military nationalism.
Pure race of Japanese dominate the weak Asian neighbors.
Modernization-copy European government, ways, and military weapons.
Great East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere-dominate East Asia with Japanese rule.
Japanese militarism-military expansion, authoritarian government loyal to the
Emperor
MOBILIZATION OF THE NATION
PEARL HARBOR
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor#
Strategic naval base and base of America’s aircraft carriers.
BATTLE OF BATAAN(APRIL 1942)
Japan attacked Philippines by ground. The Americans and Filipinos fought the Japs.
Americans dying from dehydration and malnutrition then fighting. The Japanese
made them march which forced many to die from dehydration(8,000-10,000).
BATTLE OF THE SOLOMON ISLANDSAPRIL , 1942
The Japanese created Operation Mo. Their purpose was to capture Port Moreseby in
New Guinea and capture Tulagi in the Solomon's. They wanted the bases to take
Samoa and destroy supply lines between Austria and the United States.
The naval forces attack Tulagi, but could not capture Port Moresby. They were able
to establish forces in northern and central Solomon islands. One month later,
they lost aircraft carriers at the Battle of Midway.
BATTLE OF CORAL SEA(MAY 8-12, 1942)
The fight was between opposing aircraft carriers. The Japanese and Allied navies
fought for 4 days. Japanese lost 23 warships. 379 lives. It was first battle where
no one fired at each other. Aircrafts were the advance artillery. Radar would
assist the Allied forces.
It’s significance reversed the tide for the United States and protected Australia.
BATTLE OF MIDWAY, JUNE 1942
THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY
Japanese wanted to wipe out naval force in the United States. The Japanese tried to
trick Americans that they were attacking Alaska.
They wanted to strike at the heart of the naval base of the Americans.
They sent a fleet of Japanese navy ships but was detected.
They attacked the island of Attu. The Americans had broken their code. The results
were USS Yorktown sunk, USS Hamman sunk. The Japanese suffered loss of
Akagi, Hiryu, Kaga, Soryu carriers.
BATTLE OF LEYTE GULF(26, OCT, 1944)
This is the biggest battle of the war of the Phillippines. It created four naval battles of
the Sibuyuan Sea, the Battle of Surigao Straight, and Battle of Cape Engano. The
capture of the Leyte Gulf allowed the Sixth Army to obtain a strategic position.
Japan is also cut off from all territories in Southeast Asia. MacArthur has
returned. US loss 6 ships and 4 damaged. The strategic importance was as a
station for air bombardment of Japan for both bombers and escort fighters.
BATTLE OF IWO JIMA(19-FEB-26-MARCH 1945)
Iwo Jima was part of the island hopping campaign. The US invasion had to capture
three airstrips which was guarded by a 1,000 Japanese entrenched in caves and
foxholes. The Americans had naval and air support that pounded the islands for
thee days. The Japanese refused to give up even after being warned. The
assault took 36 days with 21,844 Japanese dying out of 22,060 soldiers. US
soldiers suffered 26,000 American casualties and 6,800 dead
BATTLE OF SICILY(JULY 9-10)
American forces linked up with European forces to invade the underbelly of Europe
through Italy. It was called Operation Husky. They used aircraft to pound the
beach. Then used navies to bring soldiers on the land. Then they used tanks and
guns. James Gavin was the first to land from the planes. He received
Distinguished Service Cross for his bravery. Americans lost 9,968 men. Germans
lost about 20,00.
BATTLE OF OKINAWA
The bloodiest battle but strategic position to attack Japan. Buckner and Stillwell lead
the troops against Ushijima and Cho. 14,000 ships, AT-6 airplanes and M3CDL
tanks. 100,000 Americans went against Japanese with strategic underground
fortress on the island.
NAVAJO CODE TALKERS
ZINN’S THEORY
The war was not to free the Jews or Europe but to establish the United States as the first
and foremost economic power in the world.
The previous invasion of Cuba, Mexico, Hawaii, and Asia showed the US motivation in World
War II(Zinn, p. 401).
Roosevelt did not plunge the United States into a war until the Japanese attacked a vital
position in the United States Pacific Empire(Zinn, 401). The United States embargoed
oil when Japan invaded China threatening the tin, rubber, and oil of Southeast Asia.
The United States provoked Japan by the embargo.
The US assured France that they would protect French empire especially in Indochina and
Truman assured French sovereignty in Asia. .
US business interest in Saudia Arabia and Lend Lease aid to Saudia Arabia guaranteed US
presence in the oil in the Middle East.(Zinn, P. 404)
US businessmen already had plans to take over the British Empire and make the US a
second to none economic power.
JAPANESE INTERNMENT CAMPS
Because of the attacks on Attu in the Aleutian Islands, the Nihau incident, the United
States Government imposed military law in the Western United States.
First stages: They imposed curfew on Japanese populations. They organized military
districts and removed all Japanese from the West coast and away from military
bases.
Second stages: They ordered Japanese families to move away from their homes to
internment camps. Executive Order 9066. They deported 110,000 Japanese, 60
percent were citizens to concentration camps.
Third stages: Intern during the duration of the Pacific war.
GENOCIDE
http://www.ushmm.org/confront-genocide/defining-genocide
1. Killing members of the group;
2. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
3. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its
physical destruction in whole or in part;
4. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
5. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group
WHAT DID THE UNITED STATES KNOW?
Immigration was 45 percent Jewish during the early days of the war.
In the Immigration Law of 1942, the amount of immigrants were restricted until it was
reduced to a few people.
A report by Wager, the leader of the World Jewish organization, was made on
November 2, 1942. It was announced to the nation but nothing was done.
The government said that military objectives to conquer Germany were more
important than saving the Jews. Auschwitz, the famous concentration camp was
not bombed.
The New York Times placed articles about concentration camps in page 6 of the
newspaper.
UN
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM
The United States went to battle for freedom of people around the world but it was
not immediately.
The battles of the Pacific Ocean attempted to contain and eradicate Japan’s empire.
It was due to the awesome industry of the United States.
The Japanese Internment camps saw the restriction of the “enemy” during wartime
and the enforcement of military laws.
The Navajo code was the highlight of the advantages of minorities in our great land.
But they were not recognized.
Anti-Semitism was prevalent among people too and the United States did nothing
about the Holocaust.