Download Unit Six- Review and Effects of World War I

Unit Title: Effects of the First World War
CA Standard(s) covered: Review 10.1 – 10.5 and cover 10.6. Students analyze the effects of the First World War.
Approximate completion date
Assignments that are designated Class work on the Assignment Outline are due the day they are posted
Assignments that are designated Homework on the Assignment Outline are due the following day they are posted.
Any assignment turned in after Five days from when it was posted, will be considered late and will not be graded
Assignments with a Specific Deadline are due on that specific date. Each day that it is late will have a 10 to 20% deduction of possible
points
Assignment Title
Assignment
Type
Standards Review
Worksheet
Russian Rulers
Chart
Graphic
Organizer
The Path to
Revolution
Supplemental
Reading
Russia- 1905-1920
Supplemental
Reading
Russian Revolution
Cartoon Timeline
Graphic
Organizer
The 1917 Russian
Revolution
Supplemental
Reading
European
Geography Map
Geography
Review and
Quiz
Data Chart
WWI Data
Crunching
Early 20th Century
Nationalism Chart
Graphic
Organizer
Depression in
Germany
Primary Source
Unit Assessment
Multiple
Choice
Assessment
ESLR
Collaborators
and
Communicators
Collaborators
and
Communicators
Collaborators
and
Communicators
Collaborators
and
Communicators
Creators and
Innovators
National ELA
Reading/Writing
Standard
Specific
Deadline
Assignment
Alternative
R3, W2
R1, W1 and W 4
R1, W1 and W 4
R2, R3 and W2
Collaborators
and
Communicators
Collaborators
and
Communicators
R1, W1 and W 4
Critical Thinkers
and Problem
Solvers
Collaborators
and
Communicators
R7, W2
Collaborators
and
Communicators
Collaborators
and
Communicators
R2, W4
R2, R3, W2, W4
WWI Effects Map
Create a map of Europe
that has labels that explain
the political, economic
and human costs of WWI
Unit Terms to know
Unit People and Events to know
Essential Questions to know
Balfour Declaration
League of Nations
Lost Generation
Pan-Africanism
Pan-Arabism
Reparations
Self-determination
Disarmament
Woodrow Wilson
George Clemenceau
David Lloyd George
Nicholas II
Rasputin
Alexander Kerensky
Leon Trotsky
Joseph Stalin
What were the major agreements of the Treaty of
Versailles?
How did WWI affect the Ottoman Empire, the AustroHungarian Empire, and European colonies world-wide?
What were the political, economic and social conditions
of Europe after WWI?
Vanguard
Versailles Treaty
Good Neighbor Policy
Long March
Ultranationalist
Boycott
Civil disobedience
Porfiro Diaz
Mustafa Kemal
Monhandas Gandhi
Salt March
Sun Yixian
Mao Zedong
Long March
In what ways did the authors and artists of the “Lost
Generation” react to post-WWI Europe?
How were the political, economic and social conditions
of the United States different than Europe after WWI?
What attempts were made after WWI to maintain world
peace?
WORLD HISTORY, CULTURE, AND GEOGRAPHY: THE MODERN WORLD
Development of Western Political Thought
Name: _____________________
Period: ____________________
Date: _____________________
(Note- Describe- Answer using who, what, where, why and how in your answer)
1. What are the similarities and differences between Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman views?
a. law:
b. faith:
c. duties of individuals:
2. According to Aristotle and Plato, what is the rule of law?
3.
For the same two philosophers, why is the rule of tyrants illegal?
4. What influence might the United States Constitution have on political systems in the world today?
5. For each Enlightenment philosopher/leader explain their major idea (s) and how it influenced the
development of democracy.
Philosopher
Idea
Effect
John Locke:
Charles-Louis
Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques Rousseau:
Simón Bolívar:
Thomas Jefferson:
James Madison:
6. What were the principles of the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights (1689)?
7. What were the principles of the American Declaration of Independence (1776)?
8. What were the principles of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789)?
9. What were the principles of the U.S. Bill of Rights (1791)?
10. How did the ideas of American Revolution spread to other parts of the world?
11. How did the French Revolution led France to develop from constitutional monarchy?
12. What is democratic despotism?
13. How did democratic despotism led to the Napoleonic empire?
14. Why did nationalism spread across Europe with Napoleon.
15. How was the spread of nationalism repressed for a generation under the Congress of Vienna and Concert of
Europe?
The French Revolution
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following were members of the First Estate?
a. Clergy b. Nobles
c. Commoners
2. Which of the following were members of the Second Estate?
a. Clergy b. Nobles
c. Commoners
3. Which of the following were members of the Third Estate?
a. Clergy b. Nobles
c. Commoners
4. Which of the following held high positions in the upper clergy?
a. Clergy b. Nobles
c. Commoners
5. They owned 10% of the Land under the Estate System
a. Clergy b. Nobles,
c. Commoners
6. They made up 98% of the population
a. Clergy b. Nobles
c. Commoners
7. They made up 1% of the population and had 20% of the land
a. Clergy b. Nobles.
c. Commoners
8. He ruled France by what he believed was “Divine Right”
a. Robespierre
b. Lafayette c. Louis XVI
9. He was a military hero in both the French Revolution and the American Revolution
a. Robespierre
b. Lafayette c. Louis XVI
10. He was responsible for the “Reign of Terror”
a. Robespierre
b. Lafayette c. Louis XVI
11. He was the head of the Committee of Public Safety
a. Robespierre
b. Lafayette c. Louis XVI
12. Members of the Third Estate came to the decision to create a constitution here.
a. The Bastille
b. Tennis Court Oath c. March on Versailles
13. Many members of the Third Estate were impressed with the American. . .
a. constitution
b. Enlightenment
c. Declaration of Independence
14. What happened during the Reign of Terror?
15. Describe what happened at the Women’s March on Versailles
16. Describe what happened at the Storming of the Bastille
17. How did Napoleon take over the government of France?
18. What caused the French Revolution in 1789?
The Industrial Revolution
1. What were the five reasons why England was the first country to industrialize, and what was its effect?
Reason
Effect
1
2
3
4
5
2. List four scientific advancements of the Industrial Revolution and their effects
1
2
3
4
3. What did the following individuals invent and what was the inventions purpose?
Inventor
Invention
Purpose
James Watt
Eli Whitney
Henry Bessemer
Louis Pasteur
Thomas Edison
4. Why did large numbers of people move from rural areas to urban centers?
5. What natural resources were needed for a country to industrialize?
6. Define the following
Utopia
Social Democracy
Socialism
Communism
7. What factors caused population growth during the Industrial Revolution?
8. How did the Industrial Revolution influence/change the following groups and ideas
Slavery
Immigration
Manufacturing
Women and Child Labor
9. How was Romanticism in art and music an attempt to escape the Industrial Revolution?
Imperialism
1. Imperialism and colonialism provided nations with many advantages. Describe the advantage for each
idea:
A. Economics
B. National Security
C. Strategic Advantage
2. How did the following ideas play a part in Imperialism?
Nationalism
Social Darwinism
The spread of religion
The Need for
Resources
The Need for Land
Technology
3. Describe the different types of colonial rule and the nations that used them
Type of colonial rule
Nations that used it
Where it was used
A.
B.
C.
D.
4. How did Imperialist nations “westernize” the countries they conquered?
5. What were the long term effects of the “westernization” on conquered countries?
6. How did the following countries struggle for their independence?
A. Ethiopia
B. South Africa
C. China
D. India
7. Identify the roles of the following individuals had in fighting against Imperialism
A. Ram Mohun Roy
B. Sun Yixian
C. King Menelik II
D. Father Miguel Hidalgo
World War I
1. What were the causes of WWI?
A
B
C
D
2. How did the Pan-Slavic and Serbian Independence movement contribute to WWI?
3. How did technology change the nature of fighting in WWI?
4. How was propaganda and nationalism used to mobilize the civilian populations?
5. How did the colonial peoples contribute to the war effort?
6. How did WWI become a “total war”?
7. Identify the importance of the following battles:
A. The Marne
B. Verdun
C. Somme
D. Gallipoli
8. Briefly describe the treatment of the Armenian people by the Ottoman government?
9. How did the Russian Revolution affect the war?
10. How did the entry of the U.S. affect the war?
11. What were the reasons that prompted the US entry into WWI?
12. What was the purpose of Woodrow Wilson’s 14 point plan?
13. What was the purpose of the League of Nations and why did it fail?
14. Why did the civilian population become disillusioned with their governments after the war?
15. How did the art and literature after WWI show the disillusionment of the general population?
16. How did the Versailles treaty punish the aggressor nations for WWI?
17. What were the long term effects of WWI on Europe and the rest of the world?
CA-10.6
CC-R3, W2
Ruler
Peter the Great
Alexander I
Nicholas I
Alexander II
Alexander III
Nicholas II
Russian Rulers
Changes to Russia
People’s Reaction to Changes
Point Value____
CA-10.6
CC- R1, W1 and W 4
The Path to Revolution
Point Value_____
Since the reign of Ivan the Terrible, the Russian Tsars had followed a fairly consistent policy of drawing
more political power away from the nobility and into their own hands. This centralization of authority in the
Russian state had usually been accomplished in one of two ways--either by simply taking power from the
nobles and braving their opposition, or by compensating the nobles for decreased power in government by
giving them greater power over their land and its occupants. Serfdom had increased steadily in Russia from the
time of Ivan the Terrible, its inventor. By the time of Catherine the Great, the Russian Tsars enjoyed virtually
autocratic rule over their nobles. However, they had in a sense purchased this power by granting those nobles
virtually autocratic power over the serfs, who by this time had been reduced to a state closer to slavery than to
peasantry.
By the nineteenth century, both of these relationships were under attack. In the December revolt of 1825, a
group of military officers attempted to force the adoption of a constitutional monarchy in Russia by preventing
the accession of Nicholas I. They failed utterly, and Nicholas became the most reactionary leader in Europe.
Nicholas' successor, Alexander II, was a reforming ruler. In 1861, he abolished serfdom, though the
emancipation didn't in fact bring on any significant change in the condition of the peasants. As the country
became more industrialized, its political system experienced even greater strain. Attempts by the lower classes
to gain more freedom provoked fears of anarchy, and the government remained extremely conservative. As
Russia became more industrialized, larger, and far more complicated, the autocratic rule of the Czars started to
break down. By the twentieth century conditions were ripe for a serious convulsion.
At the same time, Russia had expanded its territory and its power considerably over the nineteenth century.
Its borders extended to Afghanistan and China, and it had acquired extensive territory on the Pacific coast. The
foundation of the port cities of Vladivostok and Port Arthur there had opened up profitable avenues for
commerce, and the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway linked the European Russia with its new eastern
territories.
In 1894 Nicholas II acceded to the throne. He was not the most competent of political leaders, and his ministers
were almost uniformly reactionaries. To make matters worse, the increasing Russian presence in the far east
provoked the hostility of Japan. In January of 1905, the Japanese attacked, and Russia experienced a series of
defeats that dissolved the tenuous support held by Nicholas' already unpopular government. Nicholas was
forced to grant concessions to the reformers, including most notably a constitution and a parliament, or Duma.
The power of the reform movement was founded on a new and powerful force entered Russian politics. The
industrialization of the major western cities and the development of the Batu oil fields had brought together
large concentrations of Russian workers, and they soon began to organize into local political councils, or
soviets. It was in large part the power of the soviets, united under the Social Democratic party, that had forced
Nicholas to accept reforms in 1905.
1. How had the Tsars slowly taken power from the Russian Nobles ?
2. What territories did Russia claim in the last part of the 19th century and the first part of the 20th century ?
3. What were the national problems that Nicholas II faced in 1905 ?
4. What was the Duma ?
5. What was the name of the local political councils created by the workers ?
CA-10.6
CC- R1, W1 and W 4
Russia 1905-1920
Point Value_____
After the war with Japan was brought to a close, Nicholas attempted to reverse the new freedoms,
and his government became more reactionary than ever. Popular discontent gained strength, and
Nicholas countered it with increased repression, maintaining control but worsening relations with the
population. In 1912, the Social Democrats split into two camps--the radical Bolsheviks and the
comparatively moderate Menshiviks. In 1914, another disastrous war once again brought on a crisis. If
the Russo-Japanese war had been costly and unpopular, it was at least remote. The First World War,
however, took place right on Russia's western doorstep. Unprepared militarily or industrially, the
country suffered demoralizing defeats, suffered severe food shortages, and soon suffered an economic
collapse. By February of 1917, the workers and soldiers had had enough. Riots broke out in St.
Petersburg, then called Petrograd, and the garrison there mutinied. Workers soviets were set up, and
the Duma approved the establishment of a Provisional Government to attempt to restore order in the
capital. It was soon clear that Nicholas possessed no support, and on March 2 he abdicated the throne
in favor of his brother Michael. No fool, Michael renounced his claim the next day.
The Provisional Government set up by the Duma attempted to pursue a moderate policy, calling
for a return to order and promising reform of worker's rights. However, it was unwilling to endorse the
most pressing demand of the soviets--an immediate end to the war. For the next 9 months, the
Provisional Government, first under Prince Lvov and then under Alexandr Kerensky, unsuccessfully
attempted to establish its authority. In the meanwhile, the Bolsheviks gained increasing support from
the ever more frustrated soviets. On October 25, led by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, they stormed the
Winter Palace and deposed the Kerensky government.
Although the Bolsheviks enjoyed substantial support in St. Petersburg and Moscow, they were by
no means in control of the country as a whole. They succeeded in taking Russia out of the war, but
within months civil war broke out throughout Russia. For the next three years the country was
devastated by civil strife, until by 1920 the Bolsheviks had finally emerged victorious.
1. What were the two groups in the Social Democratic party ?
2. What political, social and economic problems did Nicholas face in 1917 ?
3. Why was the Provisional Government not successful ?
4. Why were the Bolsheviks not entirely successful in taking control of Russia ?
CA-10.6
CC- R1, W1 and W 4
The 1917 Russian Revolution
Point Value_____
In 1917 Russia went through two revolutions: February 24 - 29 and October 24 - 25. The first
revolution overthrew the tsarist government of Nicholas II and replaced it with a Provisional
Government of Duma members led by Alexander Kerensky, who allowed a Contact Commission of
the Petrograd Soviet to advise the government. Protests and strikes against the new government
quickly grew as Russia's involvement in World War I lingered on, and the Provisional Government
responded by establishing a Coalition Government with the Petrograd Soviet. This Dual Power
however, created a confused bureaucratic quagmire, leading the government to inaction on urgent
issues such as the widespread famine and slaughter on the front.
On October 24 – 25 1917 the Bolshevik party under the direction of Lenin led Russian workers
and peasants to revolution, under the slogan of: "All power to the Soviets". On October 25 - 26, the
Second All-Russia Congress of Soviets met and created the Soviet Government through the elections
of a new Council of People's Commissars and Central Executive Committee. The new government
resolved to begin construction on a Socialist society, but soon encountered extreme obstacles: while
attempting to come to peace with all warring nations, only Germany agreed to peace.
When World War I ended, fresh off the battlefields of the Western front, the Entente powers
(US, UK, France, Japan) invaded Russia from all directions, assisted by tsarist generals and
provisional government politicians. A four year Civil War between the Whites and the Reds ravaged
the country with catastrophic famine and casualties, forcing the government to adopt War
Communism in order to survive. One primary function of War Communism was the requisition of
grain from the peasantry, in order to feed the starving urban population. The agricultural production in
Russia declined since the outset of the First World War, and those who had food, hoarded it. Major
agricultural regions were occupied by the white armies during the Civil War, intensifying the food
problem further. At the same time, Russian industry was completely dedicated to defending the
country; the urban workers were building little that the peasantry could use. As a result, many peasants
refused to sell their produce to the cities. The confiscations of grain for the urban workers created
discontent among many peasants, who resented having grain taken away when nothing could be given
in return.
By the end of the war, a devastated Russia began to slowly rebuild with such programs as the
NEP. On January 24th, 1924, Lenin died. With Lenin's death, the direction and practices of the Soviet
government drastically changed.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why did the Provisional Government of Kerensky fail ?
What was the slogan of the Bolsheviks ?
What nations attempted to aid the Czar’s forces against the Communists ?
What was War Communism, and why did it make Russian Peasants unhappy ?
What problems did the Soviets have during the Civil War ?
CC- R2, R3 W2
Cartoon Timeline
Point Value _____
Step One: Choose six events from the time period being studied.
Step Two: List those events in chronological (time) order.
Step Three: Fold a piece of paper into six equal squares
Step Four: In each square, write a title for each event (Name of the Event, Day, Month, Year)
Step Five: For each square create a picture that will represent the event.
 You can use symbols, cut outs, or your own graphics for your picture
 NO STICK FIGURES
Step Six: Under each picture, write the importance of the event, at least once sentence.
Event Title
Event Importance Description
World Geography– Europe
1. Austria
2. Belgium
3. Czech Republic
4. Denmark
5. Estonia
6. Finland
7. France
8. Germany
9. Greece
10. Hungary
11. Iceland
12. Ireland
13. Italy
14. Latvia
15. Lithuania
Find and label the following countries with their capitals
16. Luxembourg
17. Netherlands
18. Norway
19. Poland
20. Portugal
21. Romania
22. Russia
23. Serbia
24. Slovakia
25. Spain
26. Sweden
27. Switzerland
28. Turkey
29. Ukraine
30. United Kingdom
CA-10.6
CC-R7, W2, W4
WWI Data Crunching
Point Value_____
Get those calculators warmed up!
Answer in complete sentences ON YOUR OWN PAPER!!!
1. Use the provided graph paper to make a bar graph of each country’s war dead.
2. Which Central Powers had the most people die in the war? Which Allied powers country had
the most people die?
3. How much money did the war cost France? Germany? USA?
4. Which country spent the most money and had the most deaths? Which country had high deaths
and not too much money lost? (1920 Debt- 1913 Debt) = Money spent on the war.
5. The war lasted 1576 days. How many people died (both sides) in this time? How many (both
sides) died per day? Per Hour? Per minute?
6. For each of France, Britain, USA, German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Serbia & Russia, what
percentage of the population was mobilized (trained and sent to war)? (# Mobilized / Total
Population)x 100 = Percent Mobilized
7. For each of the countries from question #6, graph the casualties on the back of the graph paper.
Casualties = (Dead + Wounded + Prisoner)
8. For each of the countries from question #6, what percentage of the men mobilized were
casualties? (Casualties / # Mobilized x 100 = Percent Casualties
9. Why did the USA have so few dead? Why do you think they spent so much money?
10. How do you think having such a high casualty rate would change the countries that participated
in WWI? Explain your answer.
11. France and Great Britain were both in the war for the same amount of time. Why did France
lose so much money? Explain.
12. Why do you think Britain and France wanted the Treaty of Versailles to be so harsh on
Germany?
Allied Powers
Country
British
Empire
USA
France
Italy
Belgium
Serbia
Montenegro
Romania
Greece
Portugal
Russia
Japan
Total
Population
#
Mobilized
440,000,000 8,654,280
Dead (D)
98,800,000
39,840,000
39,840,000
7,645,000
3,094,000
437,000
7,508,000
4,820,000
6,100,000
178,379,000
54,000,000
4,165,483
7,500,000
5,615,000
267,000
707,343
50,000
750,000
230,000
100,000
12,000,000
800,000
Prisoners
(P)
279,357
1913 Debt
1920 Debt
873,980
Wounded
(W)
2,525,927
3,485,000,000
39,218,000,000
123,547
1,385,300
496,921
20,000
322,000
3,000
200,000
15,000
4,000
1,700,000
300
231,722
3,000,000
949,756
60,000
28,000
10,000
120,000
40,000
15,000
4,950,000
907
4,994
446,300
485,458
10,000
100,000
7,000
80,000
45,000
200
2,500,000
3
1,028,000,000
6,346,000,000
2,921,000,000
825,000,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4,537,000,000
N/A
24,974,000,000
46,000,000,000
18,102,000,000
4,000,000,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
25,000,000,000
N/A
876,623,000 40,839,106 5,144,046 11,931,132 3,958,312 19,142,000,000 157,294,000,000
Central Powers
German
Empire
AustriaHungary
Ottoman
Empire
Bulgaria
66,166,000
11,000,000 1,718,246 4,350,122
1,073,620 5,048,000,000
53,052,000,000
61,039,000
6,500,000
800,000
3,200,000
1,211,000 3,883,000,000
21,700,000,000
21,274,000
1,600,000
300,000
570,000
130,000
N/A
N/A
4,400,000
400,000
201,224
152,399
10,825
135,000,000
2,158,000,000
Total
152,879,000 19,500,000 3,019,470 8,272,521
Casualties = Dead + Wounded +
Prisoners
2,425,445 9,066,000,000
76,910,000,000
War Cost = Postwar Debt –
Prewar Debt
CA-10.6
Early 20th Century Nationalism
Point Value____
CC- R2, R3, W2, W4
Region of Study:
What were the political, economic and
By the 1930’s how had political, economic and
social conditions of the area before WWI?
social conditions changed in the area?












Identify two leaders who were involved in the nationalist struggle in this region and list two
events or ideas that made them influential.

o
o

o
o
For one of the two leaders that you identified create a baseball style “trading card”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Side 1: Name and Large Picture/Symbol of the Person
Side 2: Information
a. Who was he/she/they? (Life Information)
b. What was their claim to fame?
c. What group(s) did they belong to
d. What did they want?
e. What level of success did they have?
Creativity counts.
Color is a must.
High Quality (spelling, grammar, neatness)
Extreme Effort
CA-10.6
CC- R2, R3, W2, W4
Early 20th Century Nationalism
Region of Study:
What were the political, economic and
social conditions of the area before
WWI?
Point Value____
By the 1930’s how had political, economic and social
conditions changed in the area?












Identify two leaders who were involved in the nationalist struggle in this region and list two events
or ideas that made them influential.

o
o

o
o
For one of the two leaders that you identified create a baseball style “trading card”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Side 1: Name and Large Picture/Symbol of the Person
Side 2: Information
a. Who was he/she/they? (Life Information)
b. What was their claim to fame?
c. What group(s) did they belong to
d. What did they want?
e. What level of success did they have?
Creativity counts.
Color is a must.
High Quality (spelling, grammar, neatness)
Extreme Effort
CA-10.6
CC- R2, R3, W2, W4
Early 20th Century Nationalism
Region of Study:
What were the political, economic and
social conditions of the area before
WWI?
Point Value____
By the 1930’s how had political, economic and social
conditions changed in the area?












Identify two leaders who were involved in the nationalist struggle in this region and list two events
or ideas that made them influential.

o
o

o
o
For one of the two leaders that you identified create a baseball style “trading card”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Side 1: Name and Large Picture/Symbol of the Person
Side 2: Information
a. Who was he/she/they? (Life Information)
b. What was their claim to fame?
c. What group(s) did they belong to
d. What did they want?
e. What level of success did they have?
Creativity counts.
Color is a must.
High Quality (spelling, grammar, neatness)
Extreme Effort
CA-10.6
Early 20th Century Nationalism
Point Value____
CC- R2, R3, W2, W4
Region of Study:
What were the political, economic and
By the 1930’s how had political, economic and social
social conditions of the area before
conditions changed in the area?
WWI?












Identify two leaders who were involved in the nationalist struggle in this region and list two events
or ideas that made them influential.

o
o

o
o
For one of the two leaders that you identified create a baseball style “trading card”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Side 1: Name and Large Picture/Symbol of the Person
Side 2: Information
a. Who was he/she/they? (Life Information)
b. What was their claim to fame?
c. What group(s) did they belong to
d. What did they want?
e. What level of success did they have?
Creativity counts.
Color is a must.
High Quality (spelling, grammar, neatness)
Extreme Effort
CA-10.6
CC- R2, W4
Depression in Germany
Point Value_____
Note: The German form of money is called the Mark
NIKOLAUSBERG, GERMANY, FEBRUARY 13, 1922
DEAR BROTHER KARL!
Your letter from January 2, 1920, is the second answer we got. I am writing for me and my wife in
better health now. Dear Brother Karl, we're all still here. My son August is also fine, was married, but
he doesn't live by me. And my first daughter lives by here with 4 children and her husband is dead. My
second daughter lives in Hannover, she has 2 children. And I live with my wife and one child alone. I
have one small field/house clear, 1 horse, 2 cows, 1 bull and 4 pigs.
Dear Brother Karl, our brother Heinrich hasn't been here for quite some time, he's doing well. His
son-in-law Heinrich Teuteberg and youngest son Karl fell in the war, but otherwise he is doing fine.
Dear Brother, we are still doing quite well, but we can't pay taxes because we have to pay 4000
mark yearly. We can't buy coffee beans and clothing or shoes...shoes cost 400-5-- mark and we can't
afford that. Dear Brother Karl, I read every day in the paper that American brothers and relatives send
things to Germans. Dear Brother, I have always waited for you to come, but I think that together no
more see. Dear Brother Karl, if you should not come, would you please send if you could $100. When
our money is worth something again you could get it back.
Dear Brother, if I had heard from you I could have come earlier, because here there is nothing
more to have. Dear Brother, should you my wish fulfill then please write back or let me know that
you're coming. Most of all I would like to see you, to be together again once more. If I weren't so old,
I'd still like to come to visit you Dear Brother.
Greetings to you and wife and children from me and wife and daughter.
My address is Hause #50 Nikolausberg by Goettingen
1. What types of items does the author think as valuable ?
2. How much are his taxes for a year ?
3. When does Nikolaus think he can repay his brother back the $100 ?
4. With the items he owns, is there anything Nikolaus can do to gain more money ?
5. In the 1920's German money was virtually worthless, if a politician promised to rebuild Germany,
give people jobs, and make the country strong again, how would the German people respond ?