Download Chapter 10 Mitosis and Chapter 11

Chapter 10 Mitosis and Chapter 11.4 Meiosis Test review
Name____________
(answer key)
Vocabulary Terms:
Define each of the following terms.
Mitosis: division of the cell nucleus (chromosomes)
Cell Division: process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells
Cell Cycle: is the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
Chromosome: threadlike structure within the nucleus containing genetic information that is
passed from parent to offspring. Two sister chromatids attached at the center by a
centromere.
Sister Chromatid: one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome
Centromere: area where chromatids of a chromosome are attached
Spindles: fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate chromosomes during mitosis
and meiosis
Haploid: cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set
of genes ( 23 humans)
Diploid: refers to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes (humans 46)
Gamete: specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction (sex cells) eggs and sperm
Sex Cell: eggs and sperm , gametes
Meiosis: process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through
separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
Crossing Over: process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their
chromatids during meiosis
Homologous Chromosome: chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from
the opposite sex parent, matching in size , shape , bands of DNA
Cell Plate: formed during plant cytokinesis, divides the cytoplasm and organelles in plant
cell division
Centrioles: structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells used to divide the
chromosome
Tetrad: structure containing 4 chromatids that form during prophase I of meiosis
Fill in the blank
1. As a cell becomes larger, its volume increases faster than its surface area. This places
demands on the cells _DNA_, and makes it difficult to take in adequate nutrients and
expel wastes.
2. Chromosomes become visible during Cell Division and specifically in prophase.
3. The cell cycle includes G1, G2, S phases, and M phase.
4. The cell cycle is the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
5. When cells come in contact with other cells they stop growing.
6. Controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off.
7. Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost their ability to control their growth
rate.
8. Cancer cells form masses of cells called tumors.
9. An organisms diploid number is 14, its haploid number is7.
10. Gametes (sex cells) have one allele for each gene.
11. Gametes are produced by the process of Meiosis.
12. Chromosomes form tetrads during Prophase I of meiosis.
13. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of 4 (#) genetically different cells.
14. A cell that has 5 chromosomes in the G1 phase will have 10 (#) chromatids in the G2
phase.
15. The number of sister chromatids in a human body cell entering cell division is 92 (#).
Short Answer
16. Name factors that help to regulate the timing of the cell cycle? Contact with other cells,
cyclins, growth factors, and any other internal or external regulator.
17.During which two phase of mitosis are chromosomes visible?
and Metaphase
Prophase
18. Draw and Label a chromosome with centromere and sister chromatids?
19. Describe cytokinesis and explain the differences between plant and animal cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm and organelles, plant cells form a cell
plate, and animal cells have cleavage furrow or pinching in.
20. Briefly describe G1, S, G2, and M phases of cell division?
G1= cell Growth
S phase= DNA synthesis
G2= preparation for cell
divison(mitosis)
21. Explain the differences in the number of cells produced in meiosis for females vs. males?
Females produce 1 egg and 3 polar bodies, males produce four sperm (genetically
different)
22. Explain why the daughter cells produced by meiosis are genetically different from each
other, whereas cells produced by mitosis are not? Daughter cells produced in meiosis
are genetically different from each other because during meiosis homologous
chromosomes in parent cell form tetrads and then separate. As a result, each
daughter cell receives one chromosome from each homologous pair; the
chromosome it receives is random. Thus each daughter cell has a different
combination of chromosomes. Also because crossing over during prophase I may
result in new gene combinations. In mitosis, homologous chromosomes usually do
not form tetrads and separate, therefore crossing over usually does not occur.
23. Explain why only mutations occurring in gametes (sex cells) can be passed on to offspring?
Meiosis creates sex cells used in reproduction. The egg and sperm both haploid, unite to
form a diploid zygote , any change in the DNA(mutation) is then passed to the offspring.
Mitosis is the process of producing genetically identical body cell, which would not affect
future offspring.
24List two problems that growth causes for cells? As a cell grows larger, more demands
are placed on its DNA, and the cell has more trouble moving enough nutrients and
wastes across the cell membrane.
25 Describe what events occur during Interphase? G1, S phase, G2
26. What are some factors that can stop cells from growing?. Contact with other cells,
chemotherapy, growth inhibitors
27. Homologous chromosomes are the two sets of chromosomes found in a body cell- one
set inherited from the male parent and the other inherited from the female parent.
28. Mitosis produces diploid cells, whereas meiosis produces haploid gametes. Mitosis cells
are genetically identical to the parent cell and meiosis cells are genetically different.
29. Cancer cells left untreated can form a mass called a tumor, which can then have cells
break loose and spread throughout the body disrupting normal cell activities and causing
serious medical problems.
30. Cancer can be treated by radiation or chemotherapy as well as removing cancerous
cells, to avoid cancer you should stay away from cancer causing agents.