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Civil War and Reconstruction Review
1. Identify the provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
a. Rio Grande established as the border between U. S. and Mexico
b. Mexico recognized Texas as part of the U. S.
c. Mexico ceded California, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming, Nevada, and Colorado to U.
S.
d. U. S. paid Mexico $15 million
e. U. S. assumed $3 million in claims by U. S. citizens against Mexico
2. Identify the provisions of the Joint Resolution of 1845.
a. TX enter as a state
b. Can divide up into as many as 5 states
c. Retain slavery
d. Keep public lands
3. Explain the arguments for and against the annexation of Texas.
i. Upset the balance of free and slave states; too much debt; trouble with Mexico
4. Identify the causes of the Mexican War.
i. Fort Texas built north of the Rio Grande
ii. U.S. believed the Rio Grande was the border between U.S. & Mexico
iii. Mexico believed the Nueces was the border between U.S. & Mexico
iv. Manifest Destiny
v. U.S. offers to buy California
vi. American blood shed on American soil
vii. The U.S. annexes Texas
5. Know the impact that the Compromise of 1850 specifically had on Texas.
i.
Texas received $10 million in return for giving up claim to land in New Mexico
ii.
Set our Western border
6. Know what the Mexican Cession was and what lands the US gained.
i. when Mexico agreed to cede all land west of Texas to the U.S
7. Identify the present day states that were part of the Mexican Cession.
i. California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado
8. Know the role Galveston played during the Civil War.
i. Most important port in Texas
9. Know the role Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book Uncle Tom’s Cabin played in history.
i. Illustrated the cruelties of slavery and convinced Northerners that slavery was wrong
10. Know what the Dred Scott decision was and why it was important.
i. US Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens
ii. Congress could not outlaw slavery in the territories
11. Identify Texans who would have remained loyal to the Union.
i. Farmer on the frontier
ii. German immigrant
iii. A farmer who came from a northern state
12. Know what slave labor was used for in Texas.
i. Cotton production—key cash crop
13. Describe the sharecropper system and how it worked and its effects.
i. They would have to buy all of their equipment and seed from the owner and were often in debt. Their
plots of land were too small to earn enough money to cover debts and make a profit.
14. Know what the Freedman’s Bureau was and why it was set up.
i. Helped African Americans find jobs
ii. Provided African Americans with health care
iii. Set up schools for African American children
15. Describe the role women played during the Civil War.
i. Worked on the farm
ii. Made supplies
iii. Ran the plantation
iv. Fought off the Native Americans
16. Be able to describe the economy of Texas during Reconstruction.
i. Production of cotton, wheat and corn increased.
17. Explain why Texans had to write a new constitution in 1876.
i. They wanted to limit the governor’s power
18. Identify the Civil War battle sites in Texas.
i. Galveston
ii. Laredo
iii. Sabine Pass
iv. Brownsville
v. Palmito Ranch
19. Know what blockades were, why they were set up, and the effect the Union blockade had on Texas.
i. Positioning ships to block a port
ii. To stop the flow of trade
iii. Caused shortages of goods
20. Identify and explain the causes of secession and the Civil War.
i. Slavery
ii. States’ rights
iii. Tariff disputes
iv. Cultural differences
v. Different economies
21. Identify and explain all of the key events which led to the Civil War.
i. Missouri Compromise
ii. Compromise of 1850
iii. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
iv. Kansas Nebraska Act
v. Dred Scott Decision
vi. Formation of Republican Party
vii. Harper’s Ferry
viii. Abraham Lincoln is elected
22. Know the two different Reconstruction plans and their provisions.
President’s Plan
1. End slavery
2. Set up temporary governments
3. Declare secession illegal
4. Require all adult white males to take an oath of loyalty to the U.S.
Congress’s Plan
1. Put South under military control
2. New constitutions must be written guaranteeing African American rights
3. Must take Iron Clad Oath to be able to vote—never willingly supported the Confederacy
23. Know all 3 Reconstruction amendments to the Constitution.
i. 13th: banned slavery
ii. 14th: made African Americans citizens of the US
iii. 15th: universal male suffrage (all men could vote)