Download Section 8-1 Chromosomes - walker2013

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Cell Division Study Guide
Chromosomes
1. What molecule in cells stores the genetic information?
2. What are chromosomes, & when can they be seen?
3. What is a centromere? Draw and label the parts of a chromosome.
4. How does DNA appear in a cell between cell divisions?
5. What is chromatin & when does it exist in cells?
6. Name the 2 sex chromosomes & tell what combination determines a male and a female
organism.
7. What are autosomes & how many autosomes are in human cells?
8. What are homologous chromosomes & how do they compare to each other?
9. What is a karyotype?
10. In a human karyotype, where would each of these be found:
a. sex chromosomes?
b. longest homologs?
c. autosomes?
11. What is the main difference between diploid & haploid cells?
12. What type of cells in human would be diploid? Haploid?
13. How are diploid cells abbreviated? Haploid cells?
Cell Division
14. All cells are derived from ___________________________________.
15. What is cell division?
16. Define binary fission.
17. How do the two new cells compare to each other after binary fission? How do they
compare to the original cell?
18. Name the 2 types of cell division in eukaryotes.
19. Define mitosis.
20. What type of cell undergoes mitosis?
21. What effect does meiosis have on the chromosome number of a cell?
22. How do the cells produced by meiosis reestablish a complete set of chromosomes?
23. What is the cell cycle?
24. Draw & label all parts of the cell cycle.
25. Name the 2 parts of cell division.
26. What happens to the cell in each of these two parts of cell division?
27. In what stage do cells spend most of their time?
28. What stage of interphase do cells enter once they become mature?
29. Name the 4 stages of mitosis in order.
30. Are centrioles found in both plant & animal cells?
31. What forms from centrioles & what is their function?
32. Mitosis is division of the _______________________, while
________________________ is the division of the cytoplasm.
33. The original cell that divides is called the _______________________ cell, while the
two new cells are called ____________________ cells.
Meiosis
34. What is meiosis?
35. What type of cell undergoes meiosis?
36. Name the 2 human gametes & tell their chromosome number.
37. What is the chromosome number for humans?
38. The fusion of a _________________ and an _____________ produces a
________________ with 46 (2n) chromosome number.
39. How many times do cells divide during meiosis?
40. What are the stages of meiosis called?
41. Explain what happens during prophase I to each of these structures:
a. chromosomes?
b. nucleus?
c. nucleolus?
42. What is a tetrad?
43. How are genes aligned on homologous chromosomes?
44. Explain what happens during crossing-over?
45. What type of material is exchanged during crossing-over?
46. Name 2 events that occur during telophase I.
47. How many cells are formed at the end of Meiosis I & how many copies of
chromosomes does each cell have?
48. Is DNA copied before Meiosis II?
49. How many cells form at the end of Meiosis II and how many chromosomes do they
contain?
50. In humans, meiosis occurs in the ___________________ and in the
__________________ producing cells called ________________________.
51. Define spermatogenesis & tell where it occurs.
52. What are spermatids & how many are formed from meiosis?
53. Define oogenesis & tell where it occurs.
54. Explain how only one egg cell is formed instead of four from meiosis.
55. Define asexual reproduction.
56. Name 2 types of asexual reproduction.
57. How do the offspring of asexual reproduction compare to their parents?
58. Define sexual reproduction.
59. How do offspring from sexual reproduction compare to their parents?
60. What is the evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction?