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US HISTORY-B – FUN FACTS - 77Q’s: 3rd Quarter 2017
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During the Great Depression, excessive loans and debt caused the farming industry to collapse and go from a $10 billion dollar industry to
a $4 billion dollar industry in 1921.
The fear of further investment losses caused investors to engage in panic selling in 1929.
The methods of buying on margin (buying stocks or bonds on credit) caused buyers to be unable to pay the balance of the worth of the
stock or bond once the Depression hit.
The key fundamental industries; railroads, textiles, and steel showed economic weaknesses prior to the stock market crash of 1929.
During the Great Depression, the advantage that people living in the rural areas of the United States had was most farmers could be self–
sufficient and provide for their families.
During the Great Depression, expressions such as "Hoovervilles" and "Hoover-blankets" showed that President Hoover was blamed for
the suffering of the poor.
The states of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas were most damaged by the Dust Bowl.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) increased the stability of financial institutions during the Great Depression by offering
protection of money in the event of a bank failure.
Mexico's nationalization of all foreign owned oil properties in 1938 both surprised and outraged the United States.
FDR's Works Progress Administration led to the construction and improvement of over 600,000 miles of roads and the building of over
800 airports.
The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937 show the United States' desire to isolate itself from European conflicts.
During WW II, the German's introduced Blitzkrieg, which refers to the German military strategy of using surprise to quickly crush
opposition.
The main reason for the United States oil embargo on Japan was to attempt to halt Japan's aggression in Asia.
Japan justified the surprise attack against the U.S. Navy at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7th, 1941 because Japan saw the United
States as a serious threat to its long term plans for Asia and the Pacific; Japan wanted to remove the United States' ability to project
military power in Asia; & faced with the threat of a U.S. economic embargo, Japan saw no reason not to take what it needed in Asia.
The U.S. oil embargo forced Japan to attack the United States in an attempt to take the oil.
Japanese Americans from both Hawaii and the continental United States were assigned to 442nd Regimental Combat Team which
became the most highly decorated unit for its size in WWII.
The unprovoked sneak attack at Pearl Harbor ultimately resulted in Japanese nationals as well as Japanese Americans being sent to
internment camps as a means of increasing domestic security during World War II.
During the early years of World War II, the Lend Lease Act was an effort by the U.S.A. to help the allies without getting into the war.
President Truman force striking miners to return to work because he was afraid the nation's energy supply would be reduced.
President Truman order the striking workers to stay on the job in 1946 because he refused to allow striking workers to cripple the nation.
President Truman requested authority to draft any striking workers into the army in a special Congressional session to attempt to stop
workers from striking.
The Battle of Midway and the Battle of the Coral Sea prevented the capture of the islands there and possibly Hawaii.
Rationing was used during World War II by the federal government to provide more resources for the military,
The post WWII economy of the 1950's and 1960's was so strong due to technological innovation that upwardly mobile families left the
often dilapidated cities in favor of suburbs just outside the city.
The economic mobilization of the United States for WWII caused the population of the United States to moved from the south to the
northern and western United States to take newly available war industry factory jobs.
The atomic bomb was most significant single weapon developed during World War II.
The late 1940s economic boom, in the United States, took place following the end of WWII.
The roles of both married and single women change in the years of 1941 to 1945; they began to take jobs in previously male–dominated
roles and industries.
The MAIN goal of the GI Bill of Rights of 1944 was to provide economic aid for veterans
The increase in white collar, service, and professional sector jobs following WWII can be attributed to the returning war veterans re–
entering the work force.
The creation of suburban America contributed to the changing role of women within the nuclear family as both parents needed to work
outside of the home out of necessity in order to afford a new home outside the city.
During the 1950's the government tried to help poor inner city residents and eliminate poverty with urban renewal programs.
President Eisenhower cut millions in defense spending with a new defense policy which threatened the use of nuclear weapons to fight
communism. The new defense policy was known as Massive Retaliation.
Rock and roll music originated in the 1950s and exploded into popularity.
“We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do other things not because they are easy, but because they are hard...” This quote
was part of a famous speech by President John Kennedy.
According to President Lyndon B. Johnson's speech in May, 1964, education was "the key which can unlock the door to the Great
Society"
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed to correct racial and gender discrimination.
Rosa Parks gained fame in the Civil Rights Movement for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a bus
Martin Luther King, Jr., received the Nobel Peace Prize in honor of his non-violent civil rights work and efforts.
The significance of the 24th amendment was it outlawed poll taxes.
US HISTORY-B – FUN FACTS - 77Q’s: 3rd Quarter 2017
41. Civil rights leader Malcolm X founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity
42. The 1960s book by Betty Friedan, "The Feminine Mystique," was influential because it energized the women's rights movement
43. Some of the lingering effects within families with two working parents as opposed to the pre World War II era were that more women gain
fiscal and social independence outside the home; two income households created more of a consumer culture then that of the pre WWII
era; & along with the economic and social independence of women divorce rates rose.
44. The "Bracero Program," effective between 1942 and 1964, legally allowed Mexican workers to immigrate to the United States on a work
visa and pick crops
45. Mexico has opposed the political position of the United States and refused to break relations with Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis in
the 1960's despite pressure from the United States.
46. In a speech at the University of Michigan in May 1964, President Johnson outlined a legislative program that would end poverty and racial
injustice. His program was the called the Great Society.
47. The Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act indicate the government's commitment to consumer protection
48. The significance of the Woodstock festival in 1969 was that it is considered to be the pinnacle of the counterculture movement in the
United States.
49. A consistent indicator of poverty in American society is education level.
50. The best illustration of the ideals of Affirmative Action is that colleges will actively recruit minority students.
51. The ideals of Affirmative Action dictate that colleges should actively recruit minority students.
52. President Nixon approved the break in and wiretapping of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate hotel.
53. President Nixon attempt to veto The War Powers Act because it was designed to limit the special powers of the president by reaffirming
Congress's right to declare war.
54. President Nixon refuse the court order to release the Watergate tapes because; the tapes were made illegally without the knowledge of
those being taped; the tapes contained incriminating evidence about the presidents activities concerning Watergate; the tapes were said
to contain statements that concerned national security.
55. President Richard Nixon attempted to "make peace with our nature" during his administration by creating the Environmental Protection
Agency
56. “N.A.T.O.” stand for North Atlantic Treaty Organization
57. The 1970s are predominately known for disco music.
58. The 1973 landmark case of Roe V. Wade asserted that most laws involving a highly debated social issue, (abortion) violated a person's
Constitutional right to privacy.
59. The SALT I Treaty limited the stock pile of weapons that the U.S. and Soviets could have.
60. SALT I was ratified by Congress. SALT II was not, however both the United States and the Soviet Union honored the tenets of SALT II.
61. The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (S.A.L.T.) is the treaty signed between the United States and Communist Russia during the Cold War.
62. The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (S.T.A.R.T.) treaty between the United States and Soviet Russia during the Cold War.
63. The primary purpose of the START II treaty between the United States and the Russian Federation was to eliminate ¾ of the nuclear
warheads in five countries.
64. In the 1980s, the U.S.A. pressed the governments of Colombia and Peru to destroy coca crops as part of an effort known as "the War on
Drugs".
65. The Exxon Valdez accident spilled thousands of gallons of oil devastating Alaska's fragile environment.
66. The mobile phone first began in the 1980's and has since become one of the more dominant forms of personal communication.
67. The United States attempt to secure the release of U.S. hostages held by pro Iranian militants in Lebanon by attempting to trade military
arms to Iran for hostage releases in Lebanon.
68. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights although not legally binding is considered to be a very important piece of work inside the
United Nations because it was felt that given the implications of the Holocaust in WWII the U.N. charter should be supplemented with a
direct codification of human rights.
69. Thurgood Marshall was the first African American Supreme Court justice (judge.)
70. "We conclude that in the field of public education, the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are
inherently unequal..." –Chief Justice Earl Warren, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
This quote illustrates the Supreme Court's power to overrule state laws
71. One of the main thrusts of President Reagan's foreign policy was to spend enough money on defense to really protect the United States.
This caused an economic boom in the '80s. It also vastly increased the national debt. One of the results of this was in domestic policy: the
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act. Which required major deficit reductions over five years and automatic budget cuts if the president and
Congress could not agree on a budget.
72. Gorbachev contributed to the end of the Cold War by redirecting Soviet funds from nuclear arms to domestic reforms.
73. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 caused the United States negotiated with the individual countries that had ceded themselves
from the former Soviet Union for continuation of the START treaty.
74. The rap music style was founded in New York during the 1970 decade.
75. During the 1980s, “New Wave” music had a major influence on pop culture and clothing.
76. The purpose of California Proposition 209 was to end affirmative action in state programs.
77. California's 1994 controversial ballot initiative Proposition 187 was written to address the state's growing issue of illegal immigration.