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Extended Response Question- Geographic Challenges in Mesopotamia After analyzing the problems and solutions in Mesopotamia, answer the following question: How did geographic challenges lead to the rise of city-states in Mesopotamia? Restate Question Answer Question Cite Evidence Explain how your evidence proves your answer is correct. Restate Question Answer Question There were many geographic challenges that led to the rise of city-states in Mesopotamia, which are food shortages, uncontrolled water supply, maintaining irrigation systems and being attacked by neighbors. Cite Evidence For example, the first problem was the food shortage in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains. They had a food shortage due to an increase in population and lack of farmland. In order to solve this problem, the people moved south to Mesopotamia (Sumer, Fertile Crescent). The next geographic challenge was that they had an uncontrolled water supply. In the spring the rivers flooded and the rest of the year it was hot and dry. So, they created irrigation systems with levees and dams. Following this solution, they had a challenge of maintaining irrigation systems. The farmers started working together to clean out the silt in the irrigation ditches. The final geographical challenge was they had no natural barriers to protect them from attacks from others. Therefore, they built walls and moats around the city-state to protect them. Explain how your evidence proves your answer is correct. This shows the geographic challenges led to the rise of city-states in Mesopotamia because FU- M- People lived on small farms and because they had a hard time maintaining the irrigation systems, it forced them to work together. This led to people creating towns and eventually creating a city-state. A-