Download apwh: may exam review packet

APWH: MAY EXAM REVIEW PACKET
Directions: Thoroughly complete in handwriting. I encourage you to create charts/diagrams/bulleted lists, etc. Do not procrastinate. Guard
this with your life. If you need more room, use additional paper and staple it to the packet. This packed is to be handed in the day after the
May exam.
The AP World History Curriculum Framework:
You may find p37-104 helpful as you complete this review packet. It is a deeper structure for the course that I used to guide
my instruction this year. This is EVERYTHING you were supposed to learn in this course!
Paleolithic Era (~2,000,000 y.a. to c9000 BCE)
1. What factors motivated the human migrations
shown in the map?
2. How did humans adapt their tools/technology
and cultures to new climate regions?
Period I (Foundations Era): c9000 BCE to 600 BCE
3. Beginning about 10,000 year ago, the Neolithic Revolution led to the development of more complex economic and social systems.
Describe these specific changes that resulted from the Neolithic Revolution (aka “First Agricultural Revolution”).
4. Define and describe the characteristics and demographics of the following types of societies found throughout human history:
 foraging (hunting & gathering) societies
 agricultural (agrarian) societies
 pastoral societies
5. Identify political, economic, and social systems/structures for the following core civilizations:
 Mesopotamia (in the Tigris-Euphrates River Valleys/Fertile Crescent)
 Egypt (in the Nile River Valley)
 Mohenjo-daro & Harappa (in the Indus River Valley)
 Shang dynasty (in the Huange He/Yellow River Valley of China)
 Olmec (Mesoamerica)
 Chavin (Andes of South America)
**New religious beliefs developed in this period – including the Vedic religions (Hinduism’s predecessor), Hebrew monotheism (Judaism), and Zoroastrianism (a Persian
religion) – continued to have strong influences in later periods.
Period II (Classical Era): 600 BCE to 600 CE
6. What are the basic beliefs and features of the following belief systems that had developed before or during the classical era?
Also, where did each belief system exist by 600 CE?
a)
Ancestor veneration (worship) & Animism
b) Zoroastrianism [1st developed in Foundations Era]
c)
Hinduism [1st developed in Foundations Era as Vedic religions]
d) Buddhism
e)
Confucianism
f)
Daoism
g)
Judaism [1st developed in Foundations Era]
**The Assyrian, Babylonian & Roman Empires conquered various Jewish states at different points in time. These conquests contributed to the
growth of Jewish diasporic communities around the Mediterranean & Middle East.
h) Christianity
7. Describe the role of women in different belief systems: Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, & Hinduism
8. Describe key features of Classical era states & empires. Include techniques of: imperial administration, promotion of trade, &
projection of military power. Do this for each of the following states & empires:
 Mauryan India & Gupta India
 Qin China & Han China
 Greece
 Rome (republic & imperial)
9. Compare systems of social inequality & coerced labor systems devised by classical civilizations. Do this for:
a) Hindu caste system
a) Corvée labor (peasant conscript labor, Ex: China)
b) Confucian hierarchy
b) Chattel slavery (Ex: Greece & Rome)
c) Family structures
10. Land & water routes became the basis for interregional trade, communication, & exchange networks in the Eastern Hemisphere
(Afroeurasia). Describe these interregional trade system as they existed in the classical era. Discuss the following:
 Eurasian Silk Roads
 Mediterranean trade network
 Indian Ocean trade network
 Roman Roads
11. Explain the connection between trade & cultural (including religious – Hinduism, Buddhism, & Christianity) diffusion. Provide
specific examples from the trade networks listed in question #10.
12. Compare & contrast the following major migrations that began in the Classical Era: Bantu Migration & Polynesian Migration
13. The Han, Roman, & Gupta empires encountered political, cultural, and administrative difficulties that they could not manage,
which eventually led to their decline, collapse, and transformation into successor empires or states. Identify specific causes and
effects of the collapse for these three classical empires:
 Han China
 Gupta India
 Rome
Period III (Post-Classical Era): 600 CE to 1450 CE
14. Islam, based on the revelations of the prophet Muhammad (610 CE), developed in the Arabian Peninsula. Describe key features
of the Islamic faith and where it had spread by the end of the post-classical era.
15. Describe Islamic political and administrative systems/structures of the Caliphates (ex. Umayyad & Abbasid).
16. Describe the contributions to the arts and sciences by Islamic society in Post-Classical Afroeurasia.
17. Explain the impacts of the following nomadic groups on Afroeurasia during the post-classical era:
 Vikings
 Mongols
 Turks
18. Elaborate on the nature of interregional trade (civilizations/empires involved, goods exchanged, cultural diffusion) for the
following trade routes during the post-classical era:
 Silk Roads
 Mediterranean
 Trans-Saharan
 Indian Ocean
**The growth of interregional trade in luxury goods was encouraged by significant innovations in previously existing transportation and commercial
technologies, including the caravanserai, use of the magnetic compass, astrolabe, and larger ship designs in sea travel; and new forms of credit and
monetization (use of currency systems).
**Commercial growth was also facilitated by state practices, including the Inca road system; trading organizations including the Hanseatic League in
Western Europe; and state-sponsored commercial infrastructures, including the Grand Canal in China.
**The expansion of empires – including China, the Byzantine Empire, the caliphates, and the Mongols – facilitated Afro-Eurasian trade and communication
as new peoples were drawn into their conquerors’ economies & trade networks.
**Explain the role/function/significances of the following Post-Classical cities: Constantinople, Damascus, Baghdad, Swahili city-states (ex. Kilwa,
Mombassa, Mogadishu), Delhi, Timbuktu, Melaka (Malacca), Rome, Paris, Venice, Moscow, Karakorum, Tenochtitlan, Cuzco, Cahokia
19. Describe the missionary (evangelical) outreach of the of the following major religions in the post-classical era, including their
impacts on other societies:
 Buddhism
 Christianity
 Islam
**The diffusion of Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and Neo-Confucianism often led to significant changes in gender relations and family structure. Ex. Divorce for both
men and women in some Muslim states; The practice of footbinding in Song China
20. There was continued diffusion of crops and pathogens, including epidemic disease throughout the Eastern Hemisphere
(Afroeurasia) along trade routes. Provide evidence and impacts for each these:
 Crops
 Pathogens (epidemic diseases)
**Beginning in the 14th century, there was a decrease in mean temperatures, often referred to as the Little Ice Age, around the world that lasted until the 19th century,
contributing to changes in agricultural practices and the contraction of settlement in parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Be able to explain these impacts of the Little
Ice Age on late Post-Classical era development.
21. Describe the political, social, and economic features of the following post-classical American civilizations:
 Maya [Mesoamerica]
 Aztecs (Mexica) [Mesoamerica]
 Inca [Andean South America]
 Cahokia [Mississippi River Valley, North America]
22. Describe the political, social, and economic characteristics of the Tang and Song dynasties of Post-Classical China.
23. Describe the political, social, and economic characteristics of the Byzantine Empire and its influence on surrounding civilizations’
(Ex. Russia) development.
24. During the Post-Classical Era, interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires encouraged significant
technological and cultural transfers. Provide evidence and impacts of such transfers that occurred as a result of the following:
 The Islamic Caliphates
 Tang-Song China
 The Crusades
 Mongol Empire
25. Describe and explain reasons for/impacts of/and characteristics of these labor systems found in the Post-Classical world:
 Serfdom (Russia)
 Feudalism (Europe & Japan) [Be able to compare & contrast feudal systems in both areas]
 Mita (Inca)
 Slavery (Ex: Aztecs, Caliphates, Sub-Saharan Africa)
26. Innovations stimulated agricultural and industrial production in many regions during the Post-Classical Era. Explain where each
of these technological innovations were use and how each improved farming output.
 Chinampa field systems
 Waru waru
 Improved terracing techniques
 Moldboard Plow & Three-field system
Period IV (Early Modern Era): 1450 CE to 1750 CE
**This is the era that the world is united for the first time (Eastern Hemisphere + Western
Hemisphere/Old World + New World/Afroeurasia + Americas)
27. Identify and explain major changes that resulted from the global spread of gunpowder technology, understanding of global wind
and sea currents, advances in cartography, ship design, & navigational devices.
28. Analyze dominant imperial systems of the period of 1450-1750: a Western European maritime empire (ex. Spanish Empire)
compared to a land-based empire (ex. Ottoman Empire).
29. Explain the global circulation of goods during the period of c1500-1750. In doing so, explain the global connections between
Western Europe, the Americas (including the Caribbean), Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia.
**In the context of the new global circulation of goods, there was an intensification of all existing regional patterns of trade that brought prosperity and economic
disruption to the merchants and governments in the trading regions of the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, Sahara, and overland Eurasia.
30. Analyze changes and continuities for the following trade systems during the period of 1450 to 1750:
 Indian Ocean Trade Network
 Trans-Atlantic Trade Network
 Mediterranean Trade Network
 Trans-Saharan Trade Network
 Silk Roads
.
31. Analyze causes and effects of the Columbian Exchange (1492-1750) for each of the following parts of the world:
 Western Hemisphere (North & South American, including the Caribbean)
 Eastern Hemisphere (Afroeurasia)
32. Identify and explain labor systems (including coerced labor) in the following regions during the period of 1450 to 1750. *Be able
to compare and contrast as well as analyze changes and continuities over time for these labor systems.
 North America
 Latin America
 Sub-Saharan Africa
 Middle East
 South Asia
 Southeast Asia
 East Asia
33. Analyze changes and continuities (social, political, economic) for Sub-Saharan Africa that resulted from contacts with Western
Europeans during the period of c1400 to 1750.
34. The increase in interactions between newly connected hemispheres and intensification of connections within hemispheres
expanded A) the spread of existing religions and B) created syncretic belief systems and practices. Provide examples of and
elaborate upon these for the following regions:
 Western Europe
 Latin America, including the Caribbean
 Sub-Saharan Africa
 South Asia
 East Asia
35. Compare and contrast the ways in which Ming China and Japan (during the periods of unification and the Tokugawa Shogunate)
interacted with and responded to Western Europeans in the period of c1500 to 1750.
 Ming China (1368-1644)
 Japanese Unification (1540s-1603) & Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1867)
36. Rulers continued to use a variety of methods to A) legitimize, B) consolidate (strengthen), and C) expand their power. Explain
the methods of rule and imperial expansion for for the following early modern empires.
 Western European nations (ex. France, Spain, Portugal)
 Russia
 Mughal Empire (South Asia)
 Ottoman Empire (Middle East, North Africa, & Southeastern Europe)
 Ming China (East Asia)
37. Explain the creation and operation of the following new Western European maritime empires during the period of 1450 to 1750:
 Portuguese (ex. trading-post empire in coastal Africa & Indian Ocean + Brazil)
 Spanish
 Dutch
 French
 British
.
Period V (Era of Western Hegemony): 1750 CE to 1900 CE
**This period is marked by global domination by the West due to industrialization and a second
wave of imperialism. Non-Western nations were faced with the dilemma of how to respond to the
rising Western powers.
38. identify factors that led to the rise of industrialization in the West (Industrialization began in Great Britain, c1750).
39. Analyze social, political, and economic changes that resulted from the process of industrialization in the West.
40. Explain the ways by which workers in the West responded to the changes in economics, society, and politics brought about by
industrialization. Consider ideological and activist movements that arose in the 1800s.
41. Explain the influence of the Enlightenment on Atlantic societies, especially in terms of revolutionary processes.
42. Compare and contrast the causes and effects of the following Atlantic Revolutions (1775-1820s):
 American, 1775-1783
 French, 1789-1799
 Haitian, 1791-1804
 Latin American (Spanish & Portuguese colonies), 1810-1822
43. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires. Explain the empire-building process (motivations, where empire was
built, effects) for the following nations:
 Britain
 Germany
 Belgium
 USA
 Russia
 Japan
**In some parts of the world, industrialized states practiced economic imperialism. For the example, the British and French expanding their influence in China through
the Opium Wars or the British and the USA investing heavily in Latin America.
**New racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism, facilitated and justified imperialism.
44. New patterns of global trade and production developed and further integrated the global economy as industrialists sought raw
materials and new markets for the increasing amount and array of goods produced in their factories. Some commodities gave
merchants and companies based in Europe and the USA a distinct economic advantage. Explain the new global economy as it
specifically relates to the following regions during the period of 1750-1900:
 Sub-Saharan Africa
 South Asia
 East Asia (China & Japan)
 Latin America
45. Explain how each of the following civilizations responded to Western interference during the period of 1750 to 1900:
 Sub-Saharan Africa
 Ottoman Empire
 Qing China
 Tokugawa Japan & Meiji Japan
46. Compare and contrast the processes of industrialization in Russia (began 1861) and Meiji Japan (began c1868).
47. Explain reasons for the abolition of the following systems of coerced labor during the 1800s.
 African slavery in the Americas (besides Haiti)
 Serfdom in Russia
 Feudalism in Japan
48. During the period of 1750 to 1900, demands for women’s suffrage and an emergent feminism challenged political and gender
hierarchy. Provide evidence of this during the time period.
49. What factors led to a significant rise in global populations during the period of 1750 to 1900?
50. 19th century Migrations: A big topic to look into!
During the period of 1800 to 1900, migration in many cases was influenced by changes in demographics in both industrialized and
unindustrialized societies that presented challenges to existing patterns of living.
 Because of the nature of the new modes of transportation, both internal and external migrants increasingly relocated to
cities. This pattern contributed to the significant global urbanization of the 19 th century. The new methods of
transportation also allowed for many migrants to return, periodically or permanently, to their home societies
o Japanese agricultural workers in the Pacific (ex. to Hawaii)
o Lebanese merchants in the Americas
o Italian industrial workers in Argentina
 Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons. Many individuals chose to freely relocate, often in search of work.
o Manual laborers
o Specialized professionals
 The new global capitalist economy continued to rely on coerced and semi-coerced labor migration, including slavery,
Chinese and Indian indentured servitude, and convict labor.
The large-scale nature of migration, especially in the 19th century, produced a variety of consequences and reactions to the
increasingly diverse societies on the part of migrants and existing populations.
 Due to the physical nature of the labor in demand, migrants tended to be male, leaving women to take on new roles in the
home society that had been formerly occupied by men.
 Migrants often created ethnic enclaves (think “Chinatown” or “Little Italy” in New York City) in different parts of the world
that helped transplant their culture into new environments and facilitated the development of migrant support networks
o Chinese in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South America, and North America
o Indians in East and Southern Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia
 Receiving societies did not always embrace immigrants, as seen in the various degrees of ethnic and racial prejudice and the
ways states attempted to regulate the increased flow of people across their borders.
o The Chinese Exclusion Acts (in USA)
o The White Australia Policy
Period VI (Modern Era): 1900 CE to Present
51. Explain the collapse of the following older, land-based empires that fell due to a combination of internal and external factors:
 Qing China (1911)
 Czarist Russia (1917)
 Ottoman Empire (1922)
52. Compare and contrast the social, political, and economic causes and effects of the following 20 th century revolutions:
 Chinese Revolution (1911-1949)
 Mexican Revolution (1910-1920)
 Russian Revolution (1917-1922)
 Cuban Revolution (1959)
 Iranian Revolution (1979)
53. In the communist states of the Soviet Union and China, governments controlled their national economies. Provide evidence of
this and the outcomes of this over time for:
 Soviet Union
 China
54. At the beginning of the 20th century in the US and parts of Europe, governments played a minimal role in their national
economies. With the onset of the Great Depression (1929-c1939), governments began to take a more active role in economic life.
Provide evidence of this for Western nations.
55. Provide examples of 20th century ethnic conflict and genocide.
56. Explain the short-term and long-term causes and effects of the following conflicts:
 World War I (1914-1918)
 World War II (1937-1945)
57. World War I and World War II were the first “total wars.” Explain the ways by which the following conflicts were examples of
total war.
 World War I (1914-1918)
 World War II (1937-1945)
58. Provide examples of major developments in military technology over the course of the period 1900 to the present.
59. The global balance of economic and political power shifted after the end of World War II and rapidly evolved into the Cold War.
Explain the causes and effects of this new Cold War (c1945-1991). Refer to specific political, economic, and social features of the
conflict.
60. How did the Cold War specifically influence and impact nations beyond the USA and Soviet Union? Provide specific examples of
this for the following regions:
 Latin America
 East Asia
 Sub-Saharan Africa
61. Transnational movements sought to unite people across boundaries in this era. Explain the reasons for and goals of the
following transnational movements:
 Communism
 Pan-Arabism
 Pan-Africanism
62. Emerging ideologies of anti-imperialism contributed to the dissolution of empires and the restructuring of states. Provide
specific examples of and explain the rise of nationalist, anti-imperialist movements in the following regions:
 South Asia
 Sub-Saharan Africa
 Southeast Asia
63. Europe dominated the global political order at the beginning of the 20 th century, but both land-based and transoceanic empires
gave way to new states by the century’s end. Decolonization was a major trend following World War II. Provide specific examples
and explain how former European colonies in Africa and Asia gained their independence in the following ways:
 Civil Disobedience
 Negotiated independence
 Armed struggle
64. Identify and explain the challenges (social, political, & economic) that newly independent nations faced in the following regions:
 Middle East
 South Asia
 Sub-Saharan Africa
65. Compare [and contrast] economic development during the 20th century for the following nations:
 USSR (Soviet Union)
 Peoples’ Republic of China (Communist China)
 United States
66. Explain how the following movements promoted alternatives to the existing economic, political, and/or social orders for their
societies:
 Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa, 1950s-1994
 The Tiananmen Square Protests, 1989
67. In a trend accelerated by the end of the Cold War (c1990), many governments encouraged free-market economic policies and
promoted economic liberalization in the late 20th century. Explain this trend with specific examples.
68. Identify and explain (causes & effects) of intraregional and interregional human migrations during the 20th and early 21st century.
69. During the course of the 20th century, researchers made rapid advances in science that spread throughout the world, assisted by
the development of new technology. For each of the following, explain its global impacts:
 Antibiotics, ex Penicillin discovered 1928
 The Green Revolution (in terms of agricultural productivity), 1930s-1960s
 Nuclear power, intro’d 1945 ((((KABOOM!))))
 Polio vaccine, intro’d 1955
 The Pill (birth control), intro’d 1960
 Advances in telecommunications (ex. Internet, cell phones, social media)
70. Define globalization and provide examples of a highly integrated world in the areas of society, politics, and economics.
71. Popular and consumer culture became more global in this era. Explain how the following are examples of global culture.
 Reggae music
 World Cup soccer
 The Olympics
72. States, communities, and individuals became increasingly interdependent, a process facilitated by the growth of institutions of
global governance. Explain how:
 New international organizations formed to maintain world peace and to facilitate international cooperation (ex. The
League of Nations; The United Nations)

Regional trade agreements reflected the spread of principles and practices associated with free-market economics
throughout the world (ex. European Economic Community or EU - European Union; NAFTA – North American Free Trade
Agreement; ASEAN - Association of Southeast Asian Nations)

Changing economic institutions reflected the spread of principles and practices associated with free-market economics
throughout the world (ex. IMF – International Monetary Fund; The World Bank; WTO – World Trade Organization; MNCs –
Multinational Corporations)
73. Movements throughout the world protested the inequality of environmental and economic consequences of global integrations.
Explain how one of the following responded to crises that resulted from globalization.
 Greenpeace
 Earth Day
 The Greenbelt Movement in Kenya
74. People conceptualized society and culture in new ways; rights-based discourses challenged old assumptions about race, class,
gender, and religion. In much of the world, access to education, as well as participation in new political and professional roles,
became more inclusive in terms of race, class, and gender.
Explain how the following 20th century movements challenged traditional assumptions about race, class, gender, and/or religion:
 UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights
 Feminist movement
 Negritude movement
75. **Disease, scientific innovations, and conflict led to demographic shifts.
 Diseases associated with poverty persisted, while other diseases emerged as new epidemics and threats to human survival.
In addition, changing lifestyles and increased longevity led to a higher incidence of certain diseases.
o Examples of diseases associated w/poverty: Malaria, Tuberculosis, Cholera
o Examples of emergent epidemic diseases: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic**, Ebola, HIV/AIDS
o Examples of diseases associated with changing lifestyles: Diabetes, Heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease
 More effective forms of birth control gave women greater control over fertility and transformed sexual practices
o Example: The Pill
 See #58 for changes in military technology
o Examples of wartime casualties: Rape of Nanjing (1937), Firebombing of Dresden (1945), Hiroshima & Nagasaki
(1945)
Explain the causes and effects of the Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918**
GOOD LUCK ON THE MAY EXAM!!