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Transcript
War on the European Continent 1. Define the term Blitzkrieg: Lightening War 2. Explain how Blitzkrieg was designed to work as a military strategy. 1,2,3 knockout attack, divisions attack together in waves for mutual support. 1- Tanks, 2 Mobile Infantry, 3- Planes Complete the following organizer with reference to Hitler’s three key strategic mistakes/blunders: Operation Barbarossa, 1941 Battle of Britain, 1940 Evacuation of Dunkirk 1940 What happened? What were the strategic errors? Hitler halts Panzers to finish attack with Air force – air force s is ground 3 day due to weather For 9 days troops are ferried out of France 1/3 of a million men are evacuated Radar not destroyed The German air force (Luftwaffe) are attacking the entire English coast to destroy Attacks moved to London – civilian target – no military value the RAF. The destruction of the RAF needed to happen before Hitler would other than government launch an invasion force on Great Britain. Attacks localized – can During these attacks, London was bombed concentrate defensive forces by accident. Churchill immediately retaliates Germany invades France. The blitzkrieg splits the French and British forces dividing them in half. The northern half of the troops are pushed to the coastal town of Dunkirk. These troops are trapped between the advancing German troops and the North Sea. by bombing Berlin. During this battle the RAF are outnumbered 3 to 1 but score kills of 2 to 1 Hitler goes against the Non-Aggression Pact and launches a surprise attack against Russia. Most of Russia’s experienced officers were killed in Stalin’s rise to power, so there are inexperienced Russian officers fighting against eh German blitzkrieg. Stalin trades land for time while he retreats and waits for winter. Stalin asks the people to start a “scorched earth policy” destroying all food as they retreat. The Germans get caught by the Russian winter. They are poorly supplied and not ready for the severe Russia winter. Hitler’s orders did not allow the German troops to “dig in” for winter. The German troops are stopped within sight of the Russian capital. Attack too late in the season, not prepared for winter Too many men lost over the winter (don’t dig in) can’t cover entire front for spring offensive Leningrad has no strategic value Significance to the course / outcome of the war? Most experienced troops are left to defend Britain “Live to fight another day” Troops that lead the D-Day attack Most successful military evacuation in history British have time to train new pilots and build more planes First attack on Germany (country) Radar- British can mount a better defense – know where the attack is Increases British morale- “We can take it” First time the Blitzkrieg is unsuccessful (urban battle) First surrender by German troops Largest military land invasion in history German’s have advanced as far as they will go in Europe – the tides of the war has turned War in the Pacific 3. After what event, which occurred on December 7, 1941, did the United States of America enter the war? Bombing of Pearl Harbor 4. Complete the following organizer: The Battle of the Coral Sea Intended target? Invasion of Australia Why was this battle unique? First time aircraft carriers do battle, fought entirely by planes Why was it successful for the Allies (US)? Both side call it a success, but invasion of Australia never took place War back on the European Continent 5. Complete the following organizer: D-Day Date June 6, 1944 6. Describe the V1 Rocket Gas powered Unmanned bomb 2000 fall on London What is the plan for D-Day? Recapture France, Drive the Germans back to the Rhine, **Add open a third front to the war Where will the battle be won or lost? On the beaches Describe the V2 Rocket Guided missile No warning (faster than speed of sound) Too fast to be shot down, 1000 fell on Allies The End of the War 7. On what date does VE (Victory in Europe) Day occur? May 7th 1945 8. What strategy do the Japanese use for the first time at the Battle of Leyte Gulf? Kamikaze pilots 9. What does this Japanese term mean in English? Divine Wind 10. Explain how the Americans justify dropping the atomic bomb first on Hiroshima and then on Nagasaki? Japanese refuse to surrender Expect 1 million American Casualties (later there is no record of how they came to that number more like 100 000) **add** needed to test the bomb to demonstrate it’s destructive capacity and dominate their enemies (USSR) 11. On what date does VJ (Victory in Japan) Day occur? August 10th Japan sues for peace, papers signed August 15th 1945