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Biology 4th Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
Date: May 29, 2008
Drill
System
Muscles pg. 603
Nervous 612
Urinary System
Major organs/Components
Smooth Muscle

Voluntary
Cardiac Muscle

Pumps blood throughout the
body

Involuntary

One or more nuclei per cell

Branched
Skeletal

Moves the skeleton

Striated

Voluntary

Many Nuclei per cell

Controlled by nervous system
Neuron Structure

Neuron-Nerve Cell

Dendrite-receive signal from
other neurons

Cell Body-integrates
signal/nucleus

Axon-carries signal

Myelin-insulates axon, speeds
conduction

Synaptic terminal- bring signals
from other neurons

Structure/functions
Functions of there Urinary System
Organs and Functions
1. Kidneys filter out urea
chemicals, and water
2. Renal Artery and Veincarry blood to and from
kidney.
3. Ureters-connect kidneys to
bladder
4. Bladder-holds urine
5. Urethra
Nephrons*the filters in the kidney
*uses diffusion/osmosis to
remove water, salt, chemicals
and urea from blood
1.
2.
-
controls water balance and other
things involved
process
a. amino acids are broken
down by the cell into
Ammonia
b. the liver uses CO2 to
make urea from the
ammonia
c. The kidneys filter out
the urea and make
urine from it.
Examples
Myofibril & Sarcomerethe unit that contracts a
muscle
Heart
Protein- actin
Myosin-thick filament
Bundle of fibers held together by
connective tissue
Bicep, Tricep, Gluteus
Maximus
1.
Biology 4th Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
A. Organization of the Nervous system
1.Central NS

Brain

Spinal Chord
2. Peripheral Nervous System-nerves and sensors which carry the signal from the CNS or to the CNS.
a. Sensory Neurons-detects stimulus in the environment
b. Motor neurons-move muscles
B. Motor Neurons
a. Somatic Nervous System-controls skeletal
b. Autonomic Nervous System-controls involuntary muscles

Sympathetic Nervous System- “fight or flight”

Parasympathetic Nervous System
Reflex
1. External stimulus
2. Signal from sensory receptor to spinal cord
3. From spinal cord to motor neuron
4. to muscle and movement
Receptor Types





Thermo receptor-heat/cold
Mechanoreceptor-vibration/pressure, touch, motion, stretch
Photoreceptor-light
Chemoreceptor-odor/taste
Pain receptor chemicals released by injury
Skeleton System:
Functions: Support and Shape-stand upright and shape body
Protection-protect vital organs (ribs protect lungs sternum protects heart)
Movement-muscles move against and attach to skeleton
Produce Blood Cells: bone makes red blood cells
Bone:
Periosteum-outer covering of bone
Compact Bone-dense, almost solid, supporting bone
Spongy Bone-hollow light weight, filled by red marrow (makes RBC)
Yellow Marrow-long bones have it, stores fat
Haversian Canal-used to transport materials into and out of the bone Blood vessels are found here.
Osteoblast-new bone formers
Osteocytes-“old” bone cells
Osteoporosis-bone is broken down but not replaced
Axial-skull, backbone, ribcage
Appendicle-arms and legs
Types of Joints in the Body:
Joint-wher4 two bones come together. Held together by ligaments and tendons
Biology 4th Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
Ligament-holds bone to bone
Tendon-holds muscle to bone
Immovable Joint:-no movement -skull
Slightly Moveable joint-little movement: spine, ribs, cartilage joints
Freely Moveable Joints-great degree of movement 1) ball and socket 2) Pivot 4) plane, 4) saddle 5)
Ball and socket-socket on one- bone moves around the ball found on another bone
Allows for the greatest range of motion of all types of joints
Ex: shoulder and hip
Pivot Joint one bone rotates around another bone, like a hotdog rotating in a bun, ex: radius
Plane-(gliding) Joint
Two bones slide against each other carpals and tarsals
Saddle Joint-two U shaped bones together that move together in an up/down or left right motion, ex- thumb
Hinge Joint
One U shaped bone rotates around a second stationary bone, works like a door hinge, can only swing so far, knee or elbow