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Science 10 Name __________________________ Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle Reviews The Carbon Cycle 1. Complete the paragraph: The two basic life processes involved in the carbon cycle are ____________________ and ____________________. Both plants and animals perform ____________________, but only plants carry on ____________________. During photosynthesis, green plants take ____________________ and ____________________from the atmosphere. Using the energy from the ____________________, water molecules break down and the hydrogen atoms from the water combine with the CO2 to form ____________________ (C6H12O6). The oxygen from the water molecules is given off into the ____________________. The carbohydrates made during photosynthesis help make other organic compounds (compounds with carbon in them). Plant-eating animals use these organic compounds to grow, move, reproduce and perform other life activities. These animals, in turn, are eaten by other animals who use the same compounds. During cellular respiration, ________________ and ______________ are reactants. As a result, ____________________ is given off into the atmosphere. When plants and animals die the organic compounds in them break down. Fossil fuels also give off ____________________ into the atmosphere when they are burned. 2. Complete the table below by choosing true or false: Type of Organism Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Takes in CO2 Takes in O2 Gives off CO2 Gives off O2 Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer Decomposer 3. On a separate piece of paper, sketch a diagram of the carbon cycle and label the following (Some labels may be used more then once): Producers Consumers Decomposers Dead organisms/waste Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Oxygen Carbon dioxide The Nitrogen Cycle 4. Complete the paragraph: ____________________% of the atmosphere is nitrogen. The nitrogen cycle involves green plants, animals and several kinds of bacteria. Nitrogen gas, which is unusable by most living organisms, is fixed during the process of ____________________ by bacteria called ____________________. (In aquatic environments, this bacteria is called ____________________). This process turns the nitrogen gas into ____________________. Plant roots then absorb this from the soil (or water) and use them to make ____________________ and ________________. Animals get proteins by eating other animals or plants. Animals do not use all the proteins; some are broken down and released as waste, which contains nitrogen in the form of ____________________. Then, ____________________ bacteria in the soil or water break down these compounds even further and make them into ____________________ to be usable by plants again. Bacteria also break down dead organisms. Nitrogen from a decaying organism’s protein combines with hydrogen to form ____________________. This form of nitrogen is actually poisonous to most plants and animals. Since it cannot be absorbed by plants, ____________________ bacteria convert it into ____________________, a useable form of nitrogen for plants. Sometimes, though, these nitrates are turned back into ____________________ and released into the atmosphere to complete the cycle. This is called ____________________ and it is carried out by ____________________ bacteria. 5. 6. List the three main processes in the Nitrogen Cycle. a) _____________________________________________________________ b) _____________________________________________________________ c) _____________________________________________________________ On a separate piece of paper, draw and label the nitrogen cycle using the following terms (Terms can be used more than once): Nitrogen gas, ammonium and nitrates Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobium and cyanobacteria) Denitrification and dentrifying bacteria Nitrification and nitrifying bacteria Producers, consumers and decomposers