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Landforms revision document Year 10 Covering; Coastal landforms Tectonic landforms River landforms Landform name WATERFALLS AND GORGES Description of landform (height, shape, form, structure, key features) Key Geographical words to use in explanation – try to use them all! More resistant rock Less resistant rock Plunge pool Gorge Large boulders Over hang Retreats up valley Key Geographical Processes involved in its formation You MUST USE and explain how these processes help create the landform Erosion – Hydraulic action, corrasion and corrosion Diagrams and photographs Sequenced explanation (remember to keep saying WHY and to explain any key Geographical words used) Landform name MEANDERS AND OX-BOW LAKES Description of landform (height, shape, form, structure, key features) Key Geographical words to use in explanation – try to use them all! Meander neck River cliff Slip off slope Outside of bend Inside of bend Fastest flow Slowest flow Friction Deepest area Slowest area Flood Cut through Ox-bow lake Diagrams and photographs Key Geographical Processes involved in its formation You MUST USE and explain how these processes help create the landform Erosion – Hydraulic action, corrasion and corrosion Transport – Traction, saltation, suspension Lateral erosion Deposition Sequenced explanation (remember to keep saying WHY and to explain any key Geographical words used) Landform name FLOODPLAINS & LEVEES Description of landform (height, shape, form, structure, key features) Key Geographical words to use in explanation – try to use them all! Flat Levees Layers of sediment Flood Deposition Floodplain Backswamp Coarsest material Finest material Friction Migrating meanders Diagrams and photographs Key Geographical Processes involved in its formation You MUST USE and explain how these processes help create the landform Erosion – Hydraulic action, corrasion and corrosion Transport – Traction, saltation, suspension Lateral erosion Deposition Sequenced explanation (remember to keep saying WHY and to explain any key Geographical words used) Landform name CLIFFS AND WAVE CUT PLATFORMS Description of landform (height, shape, form, structure, key features) Key Geographical words to use in explanation – try to use Key Geographical Processes involved in its formation – them all! You MUST USE and explain how these processes help High tide create the landform Low tide Wave cut notch Erosion – hydraulic action, corrosion, corrosion Cliff base/face/top Wave cut platform Weathering – physical such as freeze thaw, biological Flat rocky ledge and chemical (salt crystallisation, carbonation) Wave attack Overhang Mass movement – rock falls Cliff collapse and retreat Diagrams and photographs Sequenced explanation (remember to keep saying WHY and to explain any key Geographical words used) Landform name BAYS AND HEADLANDS Description of landform (height, shape, form, structure, key features) Key Geographical words to use in explanation – try to use them all! Rock bands at right angles (perpendicular) to direction of wave attack Bay Less resistant rock (e.g. clay) More resistant rock (e.g. Granite) Headland Wave attack Key Geographical Processes involved in its formation You MUST USE and explain how these processes help create the landform Erosion – hydraulic action, corrosion, corrosion Weathering – physical such as freeze thaw, biological and chemical (salt crystallisation, carbonation) Mass movement – rock falls Diagrams and photographs Sequenced explanation (remember to keep saying WHY and to explain any key Geographical words used) Landform name FAULTS, CAVES, ARCHES, STACKS AND STUMPS Description of landform (height, shape, form, structure, key features) Key Geographical words to use in explanation – try to use them all! Fault Line of weakness Cliff face Cave Arch Stack Stump Low tide High tide Diagrams and photographs Key Geographical Processes involved in its formation You MUST USE and explain how these processes help create the landform Erosion – hydraulic action, corrosion, corrosion Weathering – physical such as freeze thaw, biological and chemical (salt crystallisation, carbonation) Mass movement – rock falls Sequenced explanation (remember to keep saying WHY and to explain any key Geographical words used) Landform name SPITS AND BARS Description of landform (height, shape, form, structure, key features) Key Geographical words to use in explanation – try to use them all! Zig-zag movement of waves and sediment Prevailing wind Shallow clam water Salt marsh Curved spit end Spit Bar Diagrams and photographs Key Geographical Processes involved in its formationYou MUST USE and explain how these processes help create the landform Erosion Longshore drift – swash and backwash Deposition Transport processes – traction, saltation, suspension, solution Sequenced explanation (remember to keep saying WHY and to explain any key Geographical words used) Landform name FOLD MOUNTAINS Description of landform (height, shape, form, structure, key features) Key Geographical words to use in explanation – try to use them all! Ocean sediments Bedding planes Tectonic forces Synclines Anticlynes Collisional plate margin Destructive plate margin Diagrams and photographs Key Geographical Processes involved in its formation You MUST USE and explain how these processes help create the landform Convection currents Plates converging Folding Sequenced explanation (remember to keep saying WHY and to explain any key Geographical words used) Landform name OCEAN TRENCH/DESTRUCTIVE MARGINS Description of landform (height, shape, form, structure, key features) Key Geographical words to use in explanation – try to use them all! Oceanic crust Continental crust Destructive margin Deep ocean water Mantle Fold mountains Plate margin Key Geographical Processes involved in its formation You MUST USE and explain how these processes help create the landform Convection current Subduction Diagrams and photographs Sequenced explanation (remember to keep saying WHY and to explain any key Geographical words used) Landform name SHIELD VOLCANO Description of landform (height, shape, form, structure, key features) Key Geographical words to use in explanation – try to use them all! Vent Magma chamber Gently sloping Liquid lava Non-violent eruption Layers of lava and ash Wide base Crater Diagrams and photographs Key Geographical Processes involved in its formation You MUST USE and explain how these processes help create the landform Magma upwelling Pressure Eruption Hotspots Low gas pressure Sequenced explanation (remember to keep saying WHY and to explain any key Geographical words used) Landform name COMPOSITE OR STRATO VOLCANOES Description of landform (height, shape, form, structure, key features) Key Geographical words to use in explanation – try to use them all! Vent Magma chamber Steeply sloping Viscous lava Violent eruption Layers of thick lava and ash Narrow base Crater Diagrams and photographs Key Geographical Processes involved in its formation You MUST USE and explain how these processes help create the landform Pyroclastic flows Magma upwelling High gas pressure Destructive margin Eruption Sequenced explanation (remember to keep saying WHY and to explain any key Geographical words used) Landform name MID OCEAN RIDGES/CONSTRUCTIVE MARGINS Description of landform (height, shape, form, structure, key features) Key Geographical words to use in explanation – try to use them all! Iceland Mid-Ocean ridge Underwater volcanoes Islands Key Geographical Processes involved in its formation You MUST USE and explain how these processes help create the landform Convection currents Constructive margin Sea floor spreading Upwelling magma Diagrams and photographs Sequenced explanation (remember to keep saying WHY and to explain any key Geographical words used)
