Download 2013 Fall Semester Exam Study Guide Ancient Period Where was

2013 Fall Semester Exam Study Guide
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Ancient Period
Where was Papyrus and Hieroglyphics created?
Who developed the first true alphabet?
What was the largest Geographical challenge for people in Mesopotamia?
Describe the basic premise behind Hammurabi’s Law Code
How did the Assyrians rule over the people they conquered?
What was the key difference between the Inca compared to Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and Indus Valley
Civilizations?
Who began Egypt’s History by uniting the Upper and Lower Kingdoms?
What role did ma’at have in the Egyptian “Book of the Dead”?
What is the difference between cuneiform and hieroglyphics?
Describe the main principles of Daoism:
What group held high status in Confucian China?
Define the process in which a dynasty rose and fell.
What philosophy did the Chin use, what philosophy did the Han Use?
How did the Mandate of heaven affect rulers in China?
Describe why Greece developed into city-states.
What led to the collapse of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa?
How did the caste system help to control the population of India?
Why can we not be certain of early Indian history?
Describe the Chavin culture of South America. Economy - culture
Describe the Olmec culture of Central America. Economy - Culture
What is the difference between a matrilineal and patrilineal culture?
Why did food surpluses lead to civilization?
What is the most important factor that brought about these ancient civilizations falls?
What led to the Mycenaean’s downfall and how did these events affect the Aegean area?
Vocabulary:
1. Cultural Diffusion
2. Migrations
3. Periodization
4. Division of Labor
5. Catal Hayuk
6. Neolithic (or Agricultural) Revolution
7. Pastoralism
8. Polytheism
9. Specialization
10. Surplus
11. Loess
12. Fertile Crescent
13. Late Bronze Age
14. Cataracts
15. Analects
16. Tribute
17. Ziggurats
18. Oracle bones
19. Social mobility
20. Rosetta Stone
2. Classical Period
Greece and Persia
a. What is Greek Rationalism?
b. What was the basis of all classical economies?
c. Who could not participate in Athenian democracy?
d. How does Pericles describe the perfect Athenian citizen?
e. Who were the players in the Peloponnesian War and what was the overall result of that war?
f. Why was the Delian League founded?
g. What is secularism and why did this make Greece unique during its’ time?
h. What was the major effect of Alexander the Great’s conquest?
i. What happened to Alexander Empire once he died?
j. Describe why the epoch following Alexander’s conquest is called the “Hellenistic Age”.
k. What were the three major art forms the Greeks developed?
l. Why is it so hard for historians to know much about the Persian Empire?
m. What are the basic beliefs of Zoroastrianism?
China
n. What is the proper order for the Chinese Dynasties?
o. What are the key relationships of Confucianism?
p. What is the central goal of Confucian philosophy?
q. How did the Chinese ensure that the beliefs of Confucianism were applied to governing their people?
r. What are the five basic relationships in Confucianism?
s. What made Liu Bang a good emperor?
t. How did Han Wudi weaken the nobility of China?
u. During the Han Dynasty what percentage of the Chinese population lived in cities?
v. Describe the Chinese exam system set up during the Han Dynasty.
w. How does the Confucian concept of reciprocity work?
India
x. Describe the lessons outlined in the Upanishads.
y. Who was the first ruler to unify India?
z. What are the roots of Hinduism?
aa. How does one achieve moksha in Hinduism?
bb. Who started Buddhism and what was he looking for?
cc. What are the four noble truths of Buddhism?
dd. What are the differences between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism?
ee. Why was India fragmented before the Mauryan Empire?
ff. What made Ashoka unique in Indian history?
gg. Describe how a theater state operates.
Rome
hh. What civilizations greatly affected Roman Culture?
ii. List the accomplishments of Augustus at the beginning of the Roman Empire.
jj. Describe the Roman patron-client relationship and its role in politics.
kk. How did the Punic Wars affect Roman economic prosperity?
ll. Who were the three men that created the Roman Triumvirate why did Caesar choose the other two men?
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Why was Julius Caesar seen as a force for good at the end of the Roman Republic? (Page 95)
nn. What was the importance of the Battle of Actium in 31 B.C.E.?
oo. Describe the Roman economy during the Empire period.
pp. What ended western Roman imperial power in 476?
qq. Who was Attila and what was his role in the fall of the Roman Empire?
Silk Road, Trans-Saharan Trade, and Indian Ocean Trade
a. Be able to list the trade items going to and from China along the Silk Road. (Page 110)
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Which culture held together the Silk Road?
What additional things travelled along the Silk Road besides trade items?
Describe the lateen sail used in the Indian Ocean and explain why this type of sail was needed.
What was the one major resource most cultures wanted from the Sahara?
Which major civilizations did the Huns invade?
Which peoples migrated into Europe and eventually created what would become the modern European
nations?
Religions
a. What was the first major monotheistic religion to last?
b. What does Daoism encourage people to do?
Vocabulary
Greece
1. Cleisthenes
2. Aristotle
3. Hellenic Culture
4. Hellenistic Synthesis
5. Hoplites
6. Marathon
7. Polis
8. Socrates
9. Tyrants (Greece)
10. Helots
11. Monarchy
12. Oligarchy
13. Aristocracies
Persia
14. Cyrus the Great
15. Darius I
16. Xerxes
17. Cyrus the Great
18. Satrapies
Rome
19. Etruscans
20. Patricians
21. Plebeians
22. General Assembly
23. consuls
24. Pax Romana
25. Punic Wars
26. Tribunes (Rome)
27. Equites
28. Mark Antony
29. Julius Caesar
30. Augustus Caesar (Octavian)
31. Constantine
32. Diocletian
India
33. Caste
34. Varna
35. reincarnation
36. Vedas, Rig Vega
37. Siddhartha Gautama
38. Nirvana (Not the band)
39. Atman
40. reincarnation
China
41. Scholar-gentry
42. Warring States Period
43. Shi Huangdi
44. Han Wudi
45. Laozi
46. Kung Fu-tzu
47. Analects
48. Legalism
49. Xiao
50. Ren
51. Li
52. Yin-Yang
Religions
53. Diaspora
54. Abraham
55. Judaism
56. Polytheism
57. Zend Avesta
58. Ahuramazda
59. boddhisatva
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Post-Classical
What issue confronted Muslims following Muhammad’s death?
The basis of many modern legal codes is what?
What is the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca known as?
What is the main issue that caused the “great schism”?
How are Muslims supposed to pray, according to the five pillars of Islam?
Describe the major differences between the Umayyad Dynasty and the Abbasid Dynasty.
What happened for the first time during the Post-Classical Period?
How did the post classical period end?
Did the crusaders contribute to the decline of the Abbasids?
Describe the differences between the Shiites’ and the Sunni.
What was the goal of the Sassanid Empire?
What group had the most power in both Byzantium and China?
What were the major achievements of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian?
Describe the Byzantine economy and the government’s role in it.
The Byzantine and Islamic both practiced Caesaropapism, which is defined as?
What two dynasties reigned during the Chinese Golden Age?
q. How did the Tang rulers control Nomads?
r. What Chinese policy lessened the influence of the nobles and bolstered the position of the peasants?
s. What lead to the high level of Chinese literacy?
t. After the 11th century, who held the real power in Japanese government?
u. What was the typical relationship between China and its neighbors during the post-classical period?
v. Who were the Mameluks? How did Mongols typically treat peoples who surrendered without a fight?
w. Which region did not become a center for one of the Mongol Khanates?
x. How did Mongol defeat of Russia affect the Russians?
y. Who was the only power to successfully defeat the Mongols before 1300 CE?
z. What was Kublai Khan’s major concern with governing china?
aa. After the initial conquest how did the Mongols treat their subject peoples?
Vocabulary:
1. Shari’a
2. Ulama
3. Vizier
4. Madrasas
5. Abu Bakr
6. Bedouins
7. Caliph, caliphate
8. Hadith
9. Hajj
10. Jihad
11. Ka’ba
12. Umma
13. Sufi’s
14. Caesaropapism
15. Marco Polo
4. Medieval Europe
a. Describe the differences between the Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages.
b. Describe the achievements of Charlemagne.
c. How long did the Viking raids affect the Europeans?
d. How do serfs differ from common peasants in other societies?
e. Describe the three fields system developed in Europe in the 9th century.
f. Draw a graph of the organizational structure of the Catholic Church in Medieval Times.
g. Why did canon law change politics in Europe?
h. How did the Magna Carta change the power of kings in Europe?
i. Parliaments were created to give which social groups power in European governments?
j. Describe the impacts of the Crusades on Europe.
k. How did the Hanseatic League lead t economic prosperity for Northern Europe?
l. Why were bankers always Jews during the Middle Ages?
m. Describe the Christian treatment of Muslims and Jews during the Middle Ages.
n. Describe the intellectual movement known as scholasticism.
o. Describe the differences between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
Vocabulary:
1. Feudalism
2. Manorialism
3. St. Patrick
4. Excommunicate
5. Interdict
6. Saladin
7. Hanseatic League
8. Guilds
9. Vernacular
10. Renaissance
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5. Map
Be able to identify the following places on a map:
a. Mesopotamia
b. Indus Valley
c. Egypt
d. Arabia
e. Alexandria (Egypt)
f. Jerusalem
g. Mecca
h. Constantinople
i. Athens
j. Carthage
k. Rome
l. Mediterranean Sea
m. Black Sea
n. Dead Sea
o. Caspian Sea
p. Chagatai Khanate
q. Il-Khanate
r. Great Khanate
s. Khanate of the Golden Horde
t. India
u. Venice
v. Mohenjo-Daro
w. Harrappa
x. Chang’an
y. Damascus
z. Baghdad
aa. Empire of Mali
bb. Niger River
cc. Swahili Coast
dd. Mogadishu
ee. Zanzibar
ff. Madagascar
gg. Red Sea
hh. Indian Ocean
ii. Tigris River
jj. Euphrates River
kk. Yellow River
ll. Nile River
mm.
Samarkand
nn. Gobi Desert
oo. Taklimakan Desert
pp. Sahara Desert
qq. Bosporus Strait