Download Feeding young through mammary glands

Midterm Study Guide – Please fill this out as completely as possible & study
it for the midterm exam on Friday (01-16-09) & Tuesday (01-20-09).

Identify the function of the following organs (look at fetal pig/mammal information):
Heart: pump blood throughout body; part of circulatory system
Lungs: exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide in the blood; part of circulatory system
Uterus: location in which fertilized eggs are mature; part of reproductive system
Stomach: place in which digestion begins; part of digestive system
Rectum: removal of solid wastes; part of excretory system

Define and the functions of the following organ systems (look at fetal pig/mammal information):
Circulatory: move blood throughout the body; bring oxygen-rich blood to & remove poor blood
Excretory: remove solid wastes from the digestive tract
Digestive: break down food, remove needed materials, and remove unneeded materials
Respiratory: breathing; diffusing oxygen in to the blood and removing carbon dioxide
Reproductive: creation of new offspring; formation of gametes

List the 3 characteristics that all mammals share.
Feeding young through mammary glands
Specialized teeth
endothermic metabolism
Fur (hair)

Explain why mammalian teeth differ between various species.
The teeth are specialized for what they eat. For example, carnivores (meat eaters) have sharp teeth to
catch and tear prey, while herbivores (plant eaters) have flat teeth for grinding plants.

Explain why and how mammals provide parental care.
Care for young can be anything from holding babies in a pouch (marsupials), living in groups
(elephants), or teaching babies how to survive. The ultimate goal is to make sure the offspring makes it
and is able to survive and reproduce on their own one day.

Compare and contrast marsupials, monotremes, and mammals.
MARSUPIALS
MONOTREMES
Babies born incompletely
Mammals that lay eggs.
developed and are placed in
Mammary glands are not distinct
mothers pouch where
and are generally found in the
development is finished.
skin.
Mammary glands are found
within the pouch of the mother.
MAMMALS
Placental mammals – babies are
born completely developed. They
develop partly due to placental
sac found attached to mother’s
uterus.
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
Be able to identify function and location of the following structures for all cnidarians.
FUNCTION
Sting prey; paralyze it so it
can be eaten
LOCATION
Tentacles, oral arms
Mouth
Found enters gastrovascular
cavity through mouth
Cnidocytes
Sting prey; paralyze it so it
can be eaten
Center of organism on oral
surface (subcumbrellar
surface)
Tentacles, oral arms
Tentacles
Sting and capture prey
Polyp – anterior end
Medusa – fringe of bell
Gastrovascular Cavity
Place where digestion occurs
Connected to mouth
Nerve net
Sensory structure; allows the
cnidarians to sense prey in
any direction.
Found throughout cnidarians
Nematocysts

Discuss the feeding of Porifera. In this discussion describe the water conditions where Porifera thrive.
Also describe how Porifera capture food. How does the water condition contribute to the success of
Porifera?
Filter feeders
Live in warm, shallow, flowing waters
Porifera can only live where the water is clean, clear, and meets all the conditions described above.

Identify which phyla various animals belong to. (Mammalia, Cnidarian, Porifera) – Be sure to know
the examples discussed in class!
Mammals – humans, primates, deer, dogs, cats, kangaroos, elephants, etc.
Cnidarians – jellyfish, hydra, corals, sea anemone
Porifera – sea sponges

Why do we use binomial nomenclature (our current classification system) instead of using common
names to name animals? (Be sure to include 2 reasons why we don’t use common names AND why
we do use binomial nomenclature)
Why do we use current system?
Less confusion when talking about organisms.
Reduces regional slang terms for organisms.
Why don’t we use common names?
Too many regional slang names for organisms.
Less descriptive.
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
Define the following terms:
Taxonomy: The assignment of a distinctive name to each of the groups in a classification system.
Analogous: Structures that similar in shape but did not come from the same common ancestor.
They develop based on the environment (wing of bat and wing of bird).
Systematics: The study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and the evolutionary relationships
among them.
Homologous : Structures that come from a common ancestor but do not have the same function.
Examples include, but are not limited to, limbs of humans, whales, bats, etc.
Habitat: The place in which the organisms lives in its environment.
Biome: Parts of the earth that have a consistent set of characteristics (terrestrial or aquatic).
Physical characteristics: Physical characteristics that an animal has that increases it’s survival.
Examples include tusks on an elephant, wings of a bat, sharp teeth, etc.
Behavioral characteristics: Behaviors that an animal exhibits that increases it’s survival.
Examples include an animal defending it’s territory, hunting at night, etc.
Interspecies relationships: A relationship between two different animal species. Examples include
a lion hunting a zebra, fighting between two different animals, etc.
Intraspecies relationships: A relationship between two animals of the same species. Examples
include child rearing, communication, mating, social grouping, hunting in packs, etc.

Be able to use each of the dichotomous keys from your classification lab to CORRECTLY identify
the taxonomic identify of organisms.
Practice using Key D to identify:
Mouse
Squirrel
Whale
Boa constrictor
Whale shark
Blue shark
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