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Chapter 17 Review
U. S. History
Vocabulary
Battle of Fredericksburg – one of the worst defeats for the Union.
Martial Law – rule by the army instead of by the elected government.
Battle of Chancellorsville – General Jackson’s last battle.
Inflation – a rise in prices and decrease in the value of money.
Battle of Shiloh – one of the bloodiest Civil War battles.
Habeas Corpus – right to a hearing before being jailed.
Nation Divided:
 The North’s one official goal at the start of the war was to keep the Union
together.
Strength and Weaknesses:
 One problem northerners faced during the war was certain rights were suspended
to preserve public safety.
 The South dealt with economic problems during the war by plantations growing
food crops.
 Inflation was a problem experienced by both the North and South during the Civil
War.
 The Southern farmers resented the Confederacy’s draft law because a man
owning 20 slaves was exempt.
 The description of army life during the war was; combat was deadly but
INFECTTION and DISEASE were greater threats.
 Early Civil War battles showed the need for well-trained soldiers.
 African Americans in the Union army contributed to the war effort by fighting in
major battles by 1863.
Other People of War:
 Jefferson Davis was the president of the Confederacy during the Civil War.
 Sally Tompkins served as a Confederate nurse during the Civil War.
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Strategies of Victory:
 The Union taking control of the Mississippi River was a successful strategy for
winning the Civil War.
 Both the Battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville were stunning
Confederate victories.
 The determination of General Grant helped the Union achieve one of its goals in
the Civil War.
 Civilians would be subject to the same hardships as enemy soldiers were Ulysses
S. Grant’s concept of Total War.
 Grant’s plan for ending the war was to destroy anything that might be useful to
the enemy.
Lincoln’s Goals:
 After Lincoln’s reelection, his major goals was to work toward Peace and Unity.
 Lincoln was cautious in the beginning of the war about handling the issue of
slavery because he wanted the Border States to remain in the Union.
Emancipation Proclamation:
 One effect of the Emancipation Proclamation was it added the abolition of slavery
in the South to the Union’s war goals.
Civil War Results:
 A major result of the Civil War was that slavery ended throughout the United
States.
 The Civil War was a turning point in American history because Americans began
to think of the country as one nation rather than as a confederation of states.
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Questions & Answers:
 Which adjective BEST describes Lincoln’s goal for peace?
Forgiving.
 How did the slaves in the South contribute to the Union war effort?
They refused to work on the plantations.
 What is the TRUTH about the Union strategies for victory?
The Union eventually attained all of its goals.
 What person would have been MOST likely to disapprove of the Emancipation
Proclamation?
A southern planter.
 What statement accurately describes the early days of the Civil War?
Both sides realized that their hopes for a short war were unrealistic.
 How did the work of Civil War nurses change employment opportunities for
women in American society?
The outstanding performance of nurses opened up new employment
opportunities for women.
North & South:
Heading:
had larger free population
had greater manufacturing capability
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


Heading:
fought mostly a defensive war
fought for their property
Northern Strengths fits as the heading in the left column of the chart.
Had woods to use for cover against invading forces completes the right column of
the chart.
The heading Southern Strengths describes the information in the right column of
the chart.
Had a strong navy and a large merchant fleet completes the left column of the
chart.
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Civil War Battle Sites:
A
B

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
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Gettysburg was the battle fought at the location labeled A on the map.
Union control of the Mississippi River at this location split the Confederacy in
two summarizes the significance of the battle at the location labeled B.
Vicksburg was the battle fought at the location labeled B.
A Union victory ended the Confederate invasion of the North happened at the
location labeled A.
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